{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1551162339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc.2005.1554459","title":"1.8-V 10-GHZ ring VCO design using 0.18-\u03bcm CMOS technology","display_name":"1.8-V 10-GHZ ring VCO design using 0.18-\u03bcm CMOS technology","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1551162339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc.2005.1554459","mag":"1551162339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/socc.2005.1554459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc.2005.1554459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017065500","display_name":"Hai Qi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160740","display_name":"Integrated Software (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dp7m259","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160740"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Centre for Integrated Circuits & Syst., Nanyang Technol. Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Circuits & Syst., Nanyang Technol. Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682339","display_name":"Wang Ling Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160740","display_name":"Integrated Software (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dp7m259","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160740"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ling Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Centre for Integrated Circuits & Syst., Nanyang Technol. Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Circuits & Syst., Nanyang Technol. Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160740"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062730461","display_name":"Liter Siek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160740","display_name":"Integrated Software (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dp7m259","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160740"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Siek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Integrated Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Centre for Integrated Circuits & Syst., Nanyang Technol. Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Circuits and Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Integrated Circuits & Syst., Nanyang Technol. Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160740"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.8482910990715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.8252809643745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmos-logic","display_name":"NMOS logic","score":0.7982516288757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7972028851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.7905681133270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.6684396862983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5845335721969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5447127223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-frequency","display_name":"Center frequency","score":0.4992387294769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.44821280241012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38746532797813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.387159138917923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3486328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3395007848739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26681506633758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2575036883354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.1680348813533783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.10988575220108032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8482910990715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.8252809643745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197162436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83908","display_name":"NMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.7982516288757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7972028851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.7905681133270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6684396862983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5845335721969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5447127223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7054721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940572","display_name":"Center frequency","level":3,"score":0.4992387294769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.44821280241012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38746532797813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.387159138917923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3486328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3395007848739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26681506633758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2575036883354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.1680348813533783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.10988575220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/socc.2005.1554459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc.2005.1554459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538854016","https://openalex.org/W1994625839","https://openalex.org/W2169411838","https://openalex.org/W2332048616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2745127909","https://openalex.org/W2537099411","https://openalex.org/W2357026499","https://openalex.org/W2802491393","https://openalex.org/W2110660443","https://openalex.org/W3104408177","https://openalex.org/W4321063323","https://openalex.org/W1525688000","https://openalex.org/W2947980285","https://openalex.org/W2223905331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,30],"three-stage":[4],"0.18-\u03bcm":[5],"CMOS":[6],"ring":[7],"oscillator":[8,42],"for":[9],"use":[10],"at":[11,70],"10-GHz.":[12],"The":[13,46,64],"circuit":[14],"utilizes":[15],"the":[16,20,25,38,41,74],"feedforward":[17],"technique":[18],"in":[19,34],"delay":[21,36],"cells.":[22],"Together":[23],"with":[24,55],"positive":[26],"feedback":[27],"provided":[28],"by":[29],"cross-coupled":[31],"nMOS":[32],"pair":[33],"each":[35],"cell,":[37],"performance":[39],"of":[40,77],"is":[43,67],"further":[44],"enhanced.":[45],"output":[47],"frequency":[48,76],"ranges":[49],"from":[50,59,73],"10.5":[51],"to":[52,61],"8.1":[53],"GHz":[54],"control":[56],"voltages":[57],"varying":[58],"0":[60],"1.5":[62],"V.":[63],"phase":[65],"noise":[66],"-92":[68],"dBc/Hz":[69],"1-MHz":[71],"offset":[72],"center":[75],"9.5":[78],"GHz.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}