{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2752635842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2017.8022743","title":"An improved ant colony optimization for green multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows","display_name":"An improved ant colony optimization for green multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2752635842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2017.8022743","mag":"2752635842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/snpd.2017.8022743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2017.8022743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 18th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008704409","display_name":"Islem Kaabachi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Islem Kaabachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LARODEC Laboratory, Universite de Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LARODEC Laboratory, Universite de Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062227768","display_name":"Dorra Jriji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorra Jriji","raw_affiliation_strings":["LARODEC Laboratory, Universite de Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LARODEC Laboratory, Universite de Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021582108","display_name":"Saoussen Krichen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-6808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saoussen Krichen","raw_affiliation_strings":["LARODEC Laboratory, Universite de Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LARODEC Laboratory, Universite de Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8318872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"339","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.7888363599777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.7515056729316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6570565700531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.6236519813537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5909377932548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5860928297042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5438388586044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5217281579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.4813714623451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.44996094703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.42393958568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22276437282562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20562142133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.12697744369506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0953311026096344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.7888363599777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.7515056729316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6570565700531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.6236519813537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5909377932548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5860928297042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5438388586044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5217281579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4813714623451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.44996094703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.42393958568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22276437282562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20562142133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.12697744369506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0953311026096344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/snpd.2017.8022743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2017.8022743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 18th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588640536","https://openalex.org/W1594441769","https://openalex.org/W1862661734","https://openalex.org/W2023071828","https://openalex.org/W2034550171","https://openalex.org/W2043459322","https://openalex.org/W2072512206","https://openalex.org/W2086918511","https://openalex.org/W2090366431","https://openalex.org/W2093665022","https://openalex.org/W2096145257","https://openalex.org/W2104824113","https://openalex.org/W2141481566","https://openalex.org/W2144076135","https://openalex.org/W2153565255","https://openalex.org/W2158000627","https://openalex.org/W2189128848","https://openalex.org/W2312259334","https://openalex.org/W2486387210","https://openalex.org/W3121296001","https://openalex.org/W6617388358","https://openalex.org/W6636686188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1611875833","https://openalex.org/W1547053391","https://openalex.org/W2017411971","https://openalex.org/W1521781013","https://openalex.org/W2172069777","https://openalex.org/W2956620057","https://openalex.org/W1975009952","https://openalex.org/W2384341213","https://openalex.org/W2996796639","https://openalex.org/W2462483068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"in":[2,37,118],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"a":[5,41],"new":[6,26],"variant":[7],"of":[8,21,32,74,78,120],"multi-depot":[9],"vehicle":[10],"routing":[11],"problem":[12,86],"with":[13,56],"time":[14,75],"windows":[15],"is":[16,54,87,116],"studied":[17],"(GMDVRPTW),":[18],"an":[19,88,93,98],"extension":[20],"the":[22,25,28,34,61,72,79,81,85,107,113],"MDVRPTW.":[23],"In":[24],"variant,":[27],"proposed":[29,114],"GMDVRPTW":[30],"consists":[31],"determining":[33],"vehicle's":[35],"speed":[36],"order":[38],"to":[39,59,105],"minimize":[40],"function":[42],"comprising":[43],"fuel":[44,67],"consumption":[45,68],"and":[46,65,69,102],"resulting":[47],"emission":[48],"costs.":[49],"An":[50],"integer":[51],"programming":[52],"model":[53],"formulated":[55],"two":[57],"objectives":[58],"find":[60],"minimum":[62],"travel":[63],"cost":[64],"total":[66],"CO2emissions":[70],"under":[71],"constrains":[73],"window,":[76],"capacity":[77],"vehicle,":[80],"fleet":[82],"size.":[83],"As":[84],"NP-Hard":[89],"problem,":[90],"we":[91],"develop":[92],"improved":[94],"meta-heuristic,":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"ant":[99],"colony":[100],"optimization":[101],"local":[103],"search":[104],"solve":[106],"problem.":[108],"The":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112],"approach":[115],"competitive":[117],"terms":[119],"solution":[121],"quality.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}