{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129148739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336579","title":"Homophily and Transitivity in Bot Disinformation Networks","display_name":"Homophily and Transitivity in Bot Disinformation Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129148739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336579","mag":"3129148739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Seventh International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050222178","display_name":"Evan Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evan M. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060932004","display_name":"Valerie Novak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4432-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Novak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074862189","display_name":"Dylan Blackwell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Blackwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067197070","display_name":"Paul Platzman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Platzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079997412","display_name":"Ian McCulloh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-3914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian McCulloh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109998161","display_name":"Nolan Edward Phillips","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nolan Edward Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050222178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76912992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4 1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.9000062942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-random-graph-models","display_name":"Exponential random graph models","score":0.8017334938049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"Homophily","score":0.7969682812690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6414886116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6090208292007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-relation","display_name":"Transitive relation","score":0.5996302962303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination","display_name":"Dissemination","score":0.548538863658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5047799348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.49123615026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"Social network analysis","score":0.4169689118862152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4107401371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37667709589004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3022852838039398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-graph","display_name":"Random graph","score":0.2995358109474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2509326934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2119085192680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09489086270332336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.9000062942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30549945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421526","display_name":"Exponential random graph models","level":4,"score":0.8017334938049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.7969682812690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6414886116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6090208292007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.5996302962303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101780184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840576","display_name":"Dissemination","level":2,"score":0.548538863658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5047799348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.49123615026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.4169689118862152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4107401371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37667709589004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3022852838039398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47458327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404","display_name":"Random graph","level":3,"score":0.2995358109474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2509326934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2119085192680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09489086270332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 Seventh International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1910792200","https://openalex.org/W1929461063","https://openalex.org/W2045049260","https://openalex.org/W2069412834","https://openalex.org/W2144728346","https://openalex.org/W2159009490","https://openalex.org/W2159730225","https://openalex.org/W2160268549","https://openalex.org/W2163561184","https://openalex.org/W2164441058","https://openalex.org/W2168322240","https://openalex.org/W2550819555","https://openalex.org/W2771126111","https://openalex.org/W2784117065","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2791974958","https://openalex.org/W2812775902","https://openalex.org/W2898324970","https://openalex.org/W2900936184","https://openalex.org/W2901742598","https://openalex.org/W2902179503","https://openalex.org/W2952233070","https://openalex.org/W2963062084","https://openalex.org/W2964110402","https://openalex.org/W2965276008","https://openalex.org/W2971881481","https://openalex.org/W3007000238","https://openalex.org/W3082811123","https://openalex.org/W3088634875","https://openalex.org/W3101283776","https://openalex.org/W3102905956","https://openalex.org/W3122709690","https://openalex.org/W4287863445","https://openalex.org/W6640665666","https://openalex.org/W6729581991","https://openalex.org/W6734560207","https://openalex.org/W6784001760","https://openalex.org/W6884984522","https://openalex.org/W6992607666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2567204464","https://openalex.org/W2991067375","https://openalex.org/W3043709523","https://openalex.org/W2754287308","https://openalex.org/W3017123686","https://openalex.org/W1970082429","https://openalex.org/W4386806765","https://openalex.org/W4283124294","https://openalex.org/W2797386775","https://openalex.org/W4401050051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"disinformation":[1],"and":[2,66,70,116],"propaganda":[3,56],"campaigns":[4],"on":[5],"social":[6,10,36],"media":[7],"platforms":[8],"deploy":[9],"bots-artificial":[11],"accounts":[12],"that":[13,74,119],"pose":[14],"as":[15,29],"humans-to":[16],"disseminate":[17],"political":[18],"propaganda.":[19],"To":[20],"understand":[21],"the":[22,25,48],"effects":[23],"of":[24,27,50,106],"presence":[26],"bots":[28,75],"conduits":[30],"for":[31,101],"information":[32],"transference":[33],"in":[34,58,60,125],"online":[35],"networks,":[37],"we":[38,117],"use":[39,105],"Exponential":[40],"Family":[41],"Random":[42],"Graph":[43],"Models":[44],"(ERGMs)":[45],"to":[46,79,94],"examine":[47],"structure":[49],"a":[51,55,90],"bot":[52,69,114],"network":[53],"during":[54],"campaign":[57],"Ecuador":[59],"October":[61],"2019.":[62],"We":[63],"find":[64],"heterophily":[65],"transitivity":[67],"between":[68],"human":[71],"actors,":[72],"but":[73],"are":[76],"less":[77],"likely":[78],"engage":[80],"with":[81,84],"humans":[82],"than":[83],"other":[85],"bots.":[86],"This":[87],"may":[88],"represent":[89],"tactic":[91],"deliberately":[92],"deployed":[93],"maximize":[95],"influence":[96],"by":[97],"exploiting":[98],"Twitter's":[99],"algorithm":[100],"showing":[102],"content.":[103],"The":[104],"ERGMs":[107],"produces":[108],"greater":[109],"insight":[110],"into":[111],"this":[112,120],"Twitter":[113],"network,":[115],"believe":[118],"methodology":[121],"should":[122],"be":[123],"extended":[124],"future":[126],"work.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}