{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994768400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931843","title":"Simmelian Ties on Twitter: Empirical Analysis and Prediction","display_name":"Simmelian Ties on Twitter: Empirical Analysis and Prediction","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994768400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931843","mag":"2994768400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/snams.2019.8931843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049571707","display_name":"Isa Inuwa-Dutse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isa Inuwa-Dutse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Hill Univeristy, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill Univeristy, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052445888","display_name":"Mark Liptrott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Liptrott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Hill Univeristy, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill Univeristy, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060320466","display_name":"Ioannis Korkontzelos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-2471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannis Korkontzelos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Hill Univeristy, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill Univeristy, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5682666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"118","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-cohesiveness","display_name":"Group cohesiveness","score":0.6317647099494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6024736762046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrapersonal-communication","display_name":"Intrapersonal communication","score":0.5887004733085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.5848691463470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-ties","display_name":"Interpersonal ties","score":0.5824339985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5366314053535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.49743416905403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.49222245812416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4797302782535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.45448753237724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4538629353046417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal","display_name":"Reciprocal","score":0.4465826451778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39990317821502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3991445302963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.35111290216445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3135591149330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.19022053480148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.12799012660980225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14641543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553270","display_name":"Group cohesiveness","level":2,"score":0.6317647099494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6024736762046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153721897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3436149","display_name":"Intrapersonal communication","level":3,"score":0.5887004733085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.5848691463470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142189719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276633","display_name":"Interpersonal ties","level":2,"score":0.5824339985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5366314053535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49743416905403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49222245812416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4797302782535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45448753237724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4538629353046417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.4465826451778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39990317821502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3991445302963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.35111290216445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3135591149330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.19022053480148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.12799012660980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/snams.2019.8931843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484775731","https://openalex.org/W1630959083","https://openalex.org/W1839687352","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1971788485","https://openalex.org/W1980860277","https://openalex.org/W2000159446","https://openalex.org/W2033257135","https://openalex.org/W2046601115","https://openalex.org/W2050239729","https://openalex.org/W2054137409","https://openalex.org/W2075606380","https://openalex.org/W2076219102","https://openalex.org/W2094471435","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2101196063","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2109802089","https://openalex.org/W2110620844","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2118653829","https://openalex.org/W2118857153","https://openalex.org/W2120043163","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2168092462","https://openalex.org/W2172229041","https://openalex.org/W2217402295","https://openalex.org/W2551966114","https://openalex.org/W2755088640","https://openalex.org/W2887034067","https://openalex.org/W2898088252","https://openalex.org/W2950522926","https://openalex.org/W2966755844","https://openalex.org/W2967500073","https://openalex.org/W3034279257","https://openalex.org/W3124961742","https://openalex.org/W3143219376","https://openalex.org/W4213260080","https://openalex.org/W4293232152","https://openalex.org/W6684975984","https://openalex.org/W6729419569","https://openalex.org/W6852701448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004432975","https://openalex.org/W1993460291","https://openalex.org/W1969135428","https://openalex.org/W2027585331","https://openalex.org/W2525246515","https://openalex.org/W1481039507","https://openalex.org/W2381411542","https://openalex.org/W1600779779","https://openalex.org/W3041605973","https://openalex.org/W3018574598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"networks":[1],"such":[2,35,55,63,158],"as":[3,36,64,159],"Twitter":[4,194],"and":[5,15,105,115,163,230,254,266],"Facebook":[6],"come":[7],"in":[8,155,199],"various":[9],"forms":[10],"depending":[11],"on":[12,137,203,251,290],"the":[13,19,26,30,43,52,109,133,138,149,197,216,232,239,242,274,282],"cohesiveness":[14],"size":[16],"-":[17],"from":[18,191],"most":[20],"intimate":[21,84],"to":[22,59,92,124,171,262],"tenuous":[23,46],"relationships.":[24,47],"In":[25,108,175],"context":[27,110],"of":[28,32,45,54,66,76,89,111,148,183,186,218,234,241,276,287],"Twitter,":[29,160],"flexibility":[31,56],"establishing":[33],"connections,":[34],"a":[37,86,204,209,214,226],"directed":[38],"tie":[39],"like":[40],"following,":[41],"enables":[42],"proliferation":[44],"This":[48],"study":[49,134,280],"observes":[50],"that":[51,119,140],"implication":[53],"poses":[57],"challenges":[58,150,198],"data":[60],"mining":[61],"tasks,":[62],"detection":[65,217,249],"socially":[67,219],"cohesive":[68,220],"groups,":[69],"or":[70,79],"content":[71,112,264],"veracity.":[72],"A":[73],"small":[74],"group":[75],"interconnected":[77],"users":[78,120,143],"Simmelian":[80,173,188,271,288],"ties":[81,189,289],"are":[82,98,121,166],"more":[83,122],"with":[85],"high":[87],"degree":[88],"familiarity":[90],"due":[91],"strong":[93],"social":[94,156],"cohesion.":[95],"Such":[96],"groups":[97],"considered":[99],"homogeneous":[100],"for":[101],"many":[102],"socio-demographic,":[103],"behavioural,":[104],"intrapersonal":[106],"characteristics.":[107],"veracity,":[113],"anecdotal":[114],"cognitive":[116],"evidence":[117],"suggests":[118],"likely":[123],"believe":[125],"information":[126,267],"shared":[127],"by":[128,141,269],"closely":[129],"related":[130],"individuals.":[131],"Thus,":[132],"is":[135,169,222],"based":[136],"premise":[139],"recognising":[142],"who":[144],"reciprocate":[145],"friendships,":[146],"some":[147],"will":[151],"be":[152],"mitigated.":[153],"However,":[154],"platforms":[157],"where":[161],"flexible":[162],"transitory":[164],"connections":[165],"prevalent,":[167],"it":[168],"challenging":[170],"identify":[172],"ties.":[174],"this":[176,279],"study,":[177],"we":[178,207,244],"present":[179],"an":[180],"empirical":[181],"analysis":[182,228],"datasets":[184,253],"consisting":[185],"9300":[187],"retrieved":[190],"over":[192],"30m":[193],"accounts.":[195],"Noting":[196],"identifying":[200],"reciprocal":[201],"relationships":[202],"large":[205,284],"scale,":[206],"propose":[208],"useful":[210],"prediction":[211],"model.":[212],"As":[213],"result,":[215],"communities":[221],"enhanced,":[223],"thus":[224],"providing":[225],"valuable":[227],"tool":[229],"strengthening":[231],"validity":[233],"online":[235],"content.":[236],"To":[237,273],"evaluate":[238],"efficacy":[240],"approach,":[243],"apply":[245],"two":[246],"state-of-the-art":[247],"community":[248],"algorithms":[250],"different":[252],"achieve":[255],"promising":[256],"results.":[257],"We":[258],"further":[259],"describe":[260],"how":[261],"enhance":[263],"veracity":[265],"diffusion":[268],"leveraging":[270],"connections.":[272],"best":[275],"our":[277],"knowledge,":[278],"provides":[281],"first":[283],"scale":[285],"dataset":[286],"Twitter.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
