{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125893381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343691","title":"Accurate Monitoring of the Slagging during Converter Tapping","display_name":"Accurate Monitoring of the Slagging during Converter Tapping","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125893381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343691"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108326342","display_name":"Shuyang Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105679","display_name":"SDI Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfd5g36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyang Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124076265","display_name":"Jingsheng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105679","display_name":"SDI Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfd5g36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111343334","display_name":"Mingtao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingtao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao University,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao University,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024","https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724974","display_name":"Xiaohui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105679","display_name":"SDI Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfd5g36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124095617","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105679","display_name":"SDI Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfd5g36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029779597","display_name":"Qianhao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0875-1653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105679","display_name":"SDI Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfd5g36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianhao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISDI Information Technology CO., LTD.,Chongqing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124130901","display_name":"Weiling Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799850029","display_name":"Dongguan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01m8p7q42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dongguan University of Technology,School of Computer Science and Technology,Dongguan,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongguan University of Technology,School of Computer Science and Technology,Dongguan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"856","last_page":"861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.26660001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.26660001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.10329999774694443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7267000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6298999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tapping","display_name":"Tapping","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.578499972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7267000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6298999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777644245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203598","display_name":"Tapping","level":2,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159048435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105783","display_name":"Slag (welding)","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W4312442605","https://openalex.org/W4376619146","https://openalex.org/W4382059335","https://openalex.org/W4385428642","https://openalex.org/W4387986938"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"the":[1,5,16,20,23,52,64,70,148],"slagging":[2,24,53,180],"status":[3],"during":[4,26,54],"tapping":[6,28,56],"process":[7,25],"of":[8,22,51],"a":[9],"converter":[10,27,55,179],"is":[11,57,155],"an":[12,59,88,97,136,177],"important":[13],"task":[14,76],"in":[15,119],"metallurgical":[17],"process.":[18],"Currently,":[19],"monitoring":[21,50],"mainly":[29],"relies":[30],"on":[31,96,161,176],"manual":[32],"visual":[33],"inspection":[34],"methods,":[35],"which":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38,126],"problems":[39],"such":[40,114],"as":[41,115],"low":[42,47],"efficiency,":[43],"strong":[44],"subjectivity,":[45],"and":[46,67,107,173,187],"accuracy.":[48],"Fortunately,":[49],"essentially":[58],"object":[60,71,90,184],"detection":[61,72,91,105,185],"task.":[62],"Considering":[63],"harsh":[65],"scenarios":[66],"tiny":[68],"targets,":[69],"model":[73,92],"for":[74,111],"this":[75,83,85],"should":[77],"be":[78],"carefully":[79],"designed.":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"issue,":[84],"paper":[86],"proposes":[87],"efficient":[89,137],"named":[93],"ESD-YOLO":[94,101,169],"based":[95],"improved":[98],"YOLO":[99],"algorithm.":[100],"aims":[102],"to":[103,128,141,157],"enhance":[104],"accuracy":[106],"real-time":[108],"performance,":[109],"especially":[110],"small":[112,162],"targets":[113],"minor":[116],"slag":[117],"streams":[118],"complex":[120],"scenarios.":[121],"It":[122],"integrates":[123],"feature":[124,131,144],"guidance":[125],"DINOv2,":[127],"strengthen":[129],"fundamental":[130],"learning":[132],"capabilities,":[133],"while":[134],"introducing":[135],"channel":[138],"attention":[139],"module":[140],"optimize":[142],"multi-scale":[143],"information":[145],"fusion.":[146],"Additionally,":[147],"Normalized":[149],"Wasserstein":[150],"Distance":[151],"(NWD)":[152],"loss":[153],"function":[154],"employed":[156],"further":[158],"elevate":[159],"focus":[160],"target":[163],"features.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"results":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"that":[168],"achieves":[170],"96.8%":[171],"mAP":[172],"92.6":[174],"FPS":[175],"actual":[178],"dataset,":[181],"outperforming":[182],"mainstream":[183],"models":[186],"reaching":[188],"state-of-the-art":[189],"performance.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}