{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125973521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343680","title":"WL-GS: A Gaussian Splatting Method for Unconstrained Photo Collection under Resource-Limited Conditions","display_name":"WL-GS: A Gaussian Splatting Method for Unconstrained Photo Collection under Resource-Limited Conditions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125973521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343680"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343680","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449104","display_name":"Hongfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-2890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Urumqi,China,830046"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Urumqi,China,830046","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124061680","display_name":"Sisi Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Urumqi,China,830046"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Urumqi,China,830046","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112252891","display_name":"Q\u00ecng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4041-8390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinjiang University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Urumqi,China,830046"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Urumqi,China,830046","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66739846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7548","last_page":"7553"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.43309998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.43309998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.2184000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.10859999805688858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6394000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view-synthesis","display_name":"View synthesis","score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-fidelity","display_name":"High fidelity","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.3564000129699707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8259000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6394000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776449333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928781","display_name":"View synthesis","level":3,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781357197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757597","display_name":"High memory","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48983235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593161","display_name":"Light field","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166550679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263400","display_name":"Gaussian network model","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343680","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963057320","https://openalex.org/W2963627347","https://openalex.org/W2963850211","https://openalex.org/W2963926543","https://openalex.org/W2982131530","https://openalex.org/W3034317268","https://openalex.org/W3109376949","https://openalex.org/W3177583232","https://openalex.org/W3215769467","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4221151978","https://openalex.org/W4256017923","https://openalex.org/W4312536384","https://openalex.org/W4313137167","https://openalex.org/W4378450585","https://openalex.org/W4385318467","https://openalex.org/W4390874091","https://openalex.org/W4402716405","https://openalex.org/W4402727529","https://openalex.org/W4402727915","https://openalex.org/W4403888264","https://openalex.org/W4404545288","https://openalex.org/W4415798784"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"Radiance":[1],"Fields":[2],"(NeRFs)":[3],"have":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"impressive":[6],"performance":[7],"in":[8,53,113],"novel":[9,64,144],"view":[10,145],"synthesis":[11],"from":[12,46,74],"unconstrained":[13],"image":[14],"collections.":[15],"However,":[16],"their":[17],"substantial":[18],"computational":[19,154],"overhead":[20],"and":[21,37,50,102,140],"limited":[22,153],"rendering":[23,38],"efficiency":[24],"hinder":[25],"practical":[26],"deployment.":[27],"In":[28],"contrast,":[29],"3D":[30,65],"Gaussian":[31,95],"Splatting":[32],"(3DGS)":[33],"enhances":[34],"training":[35],"speed":[36],"quality":[39],"through":[40],"explicit":[41],"scene":[42],"representation":[43],"but":[44],"suffers":[45],"high":[47],"memory":[48,127],"consumption":[49],"poor":[51],"scalability":[52],"in-the-wild":[54],"settings.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"these":[58],"limitations,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"WL-GS,":[62],"a":[63,70,79,98,103,138],"reconstruction":[66,123],"framework":[67,137],"that":[68,119],"adopts":[69],"modeling":[71],"strategy":[72,107],"decoupled":[73],"dynamic":[75],"appearance,":[76],"along":[77],"with":[78,152],"visibility":[80],"mask":[81],"to":[82,110,130],"effectively":[83],"suppress":[84],"transient":[85],"occlusions.":[86],"Dynamic":[87],"appearance":[88],"features":[89],"are":[90,108],"baked":[91],"back":[92],"into":[93],"the":[94,136],"primitives,":[96],"while":[97,125],"parabolic":[99],"growth":[100],"constraint":[101],"multi-dimensional,":[104],"score-driven":[105],"densification":[106],"employed":[109],"control":[111],"redundancy":[112],"point":[114],"generation.":[115],"Experimental":[116],"results":[117],"show":[118],"WL-GS":[120],"significantly":[121],"improves":[122],"fidelity":[124],"reducing":[126],"usage":[128],"compared":[129],"baseline":[131],"3DGS":[132],"methods.":[133],"This":[134],"makes":[135],"scalable":[139],"resource-efficient":[141],"solution":[142],"for":[143,148],"synthesis,":[146],"suitable":[147],"deployment":[149],"on":[150],"platforms":[151],"capacity.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}