{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125930741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343586","title":"Extracting 3D Features From 2D Images Using Artificial Intelligence: A Survey","display_name":"Extracting 3D Features From 2D Images Using Artificial Intelligence: A Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125930741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343586"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124125504","display_name":"Andrew Fisher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114239","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0225asj53","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University,School of Health Policy &#x0026; Management, Faculty of Health,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University,School of Health Policy &#x0026; Management, Faculty of Health,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124125447","display_name":"Arjun Pillai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114239","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0225asj53","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Pillai","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University,School of Health Policy &#x0026; Management, Faculty of Health,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University,School of Health Policy &#x0026; Management, Faculty of Health,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108993581","display_name":"Li Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66890659","display_name":"Saint Mary's University","ror":"https://ror.org/010zh7098","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66890659"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawan Lingras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saint Mary&#x2019;s University,Andrew Fisher and Pawan Lingras,Department of Mathematics &#x0026; Computing Science,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Mary&#x2019;s University,Andrew Fisher and Pawan Lingras,Department of Mathematics &#x0026; Computing Science,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66890659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026089310","display_name":"Vijay Mago","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9741-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114239","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0225asj53","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Mago","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University,School of Health Policy &#x0026; Management, Faculty of Health,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University,School of Health Policy &#x0026; Management, Faculty of Health,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124125504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82351797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3428","last_page":"3433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.5322999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.5322999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.05889999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6039000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.382099986076355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7411999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6039000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7130971550941467}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498183729","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1967554269","https://openalex.org/W2023866509","https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2099333815","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2102861042","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2116626343","https://openalex.org/W2125310925","https://openalex.org/W2135533529","https://openalex.org/W2139764446","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2411071877","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2573098616","https://openalex.org/W2593617942","https://openalex.org/W2775216572","https://openalex.org/W2788865504","https://openalex.org/W2788917594","https://openalex.org/W2798943056","https://openalex.org/W2903891898","https://openalex.org/W2949867636","https://openalex.org/W2953809838","https://openalex.org/W2962754033","https://openalex.org/W2962850830","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963590054","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W2981415272","https://openalex.org/W2982169158","https://openalex.org/W2990026901","https://openalex.org/W3035129432","https://openalex.org/W3035228270","https://openalex.org/W3083158743","https://openalex.org/W3103544346","https://openalex.org/W3111079124","https://openalex.org/W3167259153","https://openalex.org/W4313164251","https://openalex.org/W4388755200"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"computer":[1],"vision,":[2],"most":[3],"data":[4],"are":[5],"captured":[6],"in":[7,13,44,54,119],"2D":[8,49,125],"formats,":[9],"limiting":[10],"spatial":[11,30,58],"understanding":[12],"real-world":[14],"applications.":[15],"This":[16,39],"presents":[17],"a":[18,51,107],"challenge":[19],"for":[20],"fields":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"architecture,":[24],"construction,":[25],"and":[26,60,84,102],"robotics,":[27],"where":[28,57],"interpreting":[29],"relationships":[31],"from":[32,48,123],"minimal":[33],"visual":[34],"input":[35,98],"is":[36,94],"increasingly":[37],"essential.":[38],"survey":[40],"reviews":[41],"recent":[42],"advancements":[43],"extracting":[45],"3D":[46,121],"features":[47],"imagery,":[50],"critical":[52],"task":[53],"these":[55,111],"domains,":[56],"accuracy":[59],"object":[61,76],"orientation":[62],"directly":[63],"impact":[64],"performance.":[65],"We":[66],"focus":[67],"on":[68,97],"three":[69],"core":[70],"areas:":[71],"(1)":[72],"disposition":[73],"estimation,":[74],"determining":[75],"pose;":[77],"(2)":[78],"joint":[79],"modeling,":[80],"constructing":[81],"skeletal":[82],"representations;":[83],"(3)":[85],"scene":[86],"reconstruction,":[87],"generating":[88],"spatially":[89],"accurate":[90],"environments.":[91],"Each":[92],"category":[93],"evaluated":[95],"based":[96],"modalities,":[99],"performance":[100],"metrics,":[101],"code":[103],"availability.":[104],"By":[105],"providing":[106],"unified":[108],"overview":[109],"of":[110],"techniques,":[112],"this":[113],"paper":[114],"highlights":[115],"their":[116],"practical":[117],"value":[118],"enabling":[120],"reasoning":[122],"conventional":[124],"data.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
