{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125946474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343504","title":"Toward a Smart Lower-limb Wearable Interface for Recognition of Gait Phases and Assistance in Level Walking <sup>*</sup>","display_name":"Toward a Smart Lower-limb Wearable Interface for Recognition of Gait Phases and Assistance in Level Walking <sup>*</sup>","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125946474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343504"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007055664","display_name":"Samer A. Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100790","display_name":"Designability","ror":"https://ror.org/01datx010","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100790"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samer A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath,Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Bath,U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath,Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Bath,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100790"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124076097","display_name":"Uriel Martinez-Hernandez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100790","display_name":"Designability","ror":"https://ror.org/01datx010","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100790"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uriel Martinez-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath,Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Bath,U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Design, University of Bath,Multimodal Inte-R-Action Lab,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Bath,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100790"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007055664"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100790"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61811635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"563","last_page":"568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.7297000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.7297000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.12460000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.34769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098134","display_name":"Impedance control","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776462017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59744853","display_name":"Orthotics","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018905694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive device","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.7342483401298523,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055206324","https://openalex.org/W2086265339","https://openalex.org/W2130934472","https://openalex.org/W2145045959","https://openalex.org/W2606978940","https://openalex.org/W2853084201","https://openalex.org/W2890784218","https://openalex.org/W3047780874","https://openalex.org/W3211187662","https://openalex.org/W4200190436","https://openalex.org/W4285296035","https://openalex.org/W4317739118","https://openalex.org/W4382133913","https://openalex.org/W4383533615","https://openalex.org/W4402351254"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peripheral":[0],"nerve":[1],"injury":[2],"often":[3],"impairs":[4],"dorsiflexion,":[5],"leading":[6],"to":[7,105],"asymmetrical":[8],"gait":[9,38,71,94],"and":[10,45,60,109,117],"increased":[11],"metabolic":[12],"cost.":[13],"While":[14],"passive":[15],"ankle-foot":[16],"orthoses":[17,32],"(AFOs)":[18],"remain":[19],"common":[20],"in":[21],"clinical":[22],"use,":[23],"their":[24],"static,":[25],"non-adaptive":[26],"nature":[27],"limits":[28],"rehabilitation.":[29],"Existing":[30],"active":[31],"face":[33],"challenges":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"unreliable":[37],"transition":[39,72],"detection,":[40],"suboptimal":[41],"actuation,":[42],"poor":[43],"generalization,":[44],"lack":[46],"of":[47,113],"open-sourcing.":[48],"This":[49],"work":[50],"presents":[51],"a":[52,57,85],"smart,":[53],"wearable":[54],"interface":[55],"featuring":[56],"reproducible":[58],"design":[59],"Bowden":[61],"cable":[62],"transmission.":[63],"A":[64],"lightweight":[65],"Bayesian":[66],"framework":[67],"enables":[68],"robust":[69],"real-time":[70],"detection":[73],"within":[74],"robot":[75],"operating":[76],"system":[77,80],"(ROS).":[78],"The":[79],"employs":[81],"phase-dependent":[82],"control":[83],"via":[84],"finite":[86],"state":[87],"machine,":[88],"modulating":[89],"ankle":[90],"impedance":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93,97],"events.":[95],"Validation":[96],"three":[98],"unseen":[99],"users":[100],"walking":[101],"naturally":[102],"demonstrated":[103],"up":[104],"25%":[106],"dorsiflexion":[107],"assistance":[108],"phase":[110],"recognition":[111],"accuracies":[112],"99.21%":[114],"(seen":[115],"interfaces)":[116],"98.75%":[118],"(unseen),":[119],"highlighting":[120],"the":[121],"system\u2019s":[122],"adaptability.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}