{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125968164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343192","title":"A Novel Flight Modeling Framework for Unmanned Aircraft in Realistic Airspace Encounters","display_name":"A Novel Flight Modeling Framework for Unmanned Aircraft in Realistic Airspace Encounters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125968164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343192"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083500913","display_name":"Lydia Zeleke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-1091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lydia Zeleke","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006858330","display_name":"Benjamin Lartey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-8919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Lartey","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047883853","display_name":"Abdul-Rauf Nuhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul-Rauf Nuhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093279938","display_name":"Yonas Ayalew","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonas Ayalew","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088897776","display_name":"Parham M. Kebria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-928X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parham Kebria","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124124856","display_name":"Abdollah Homaifar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdollah Homaifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,Greensboro,North Carolina,US,27411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083500913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79131137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6273","last_page":"6280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multirotor","display_name":"Multirotor","score":0.7889000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-dynamics","display_name":"Flight dynamics","score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avionics","display_name":"Avionics","score":0.35989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781351190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772377","display_name":"Multirotor","level":2,"score":0.7889000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6085000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206923515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459269","display_name":"Flight dynamics","level":3,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15792166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221329","display_name":"Avionics","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72898154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458038","display_name":"Flight envelope","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110963975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12070446","display_name":"Systems modeling","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195672273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888132","display_name":"Model-based design","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970266","display_name":"National Airspace System","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41376638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214932","display_name":"Flight simulator","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167343916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888384","display_name":"Modeling and simulation","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6584176421165466,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039007366","https://openalex.org/W2055707752","https://openalex.org/W2317062942","https://openalex.org/W2411675661","https://openalex.org/W2586239168","https://openalex.org/W2885885353","https://openalex.org/W2909018279","https://openalex.org/W2916406395","https://openalex.org/W2949125951","https://openalex.org/W2953682668","https://openalex.org/W2954388198","https://openalex.org/W2998046485","https://openalex.org/W4243683928","https://openalex.org/W4404411894","https://openalex.org/W4404753977","https://openalex.org/W4406457932","https://openalex.org/W4412432057"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104],"integration":[1,175],"of":[2,35,101,132,170,176],"Unmanned":[3],"Aircraft":[4],"Systems":[5],"(UAS)":[6],"into":[7,178],"the":[8,28,32,99,136,171,179],"National":[9],"Airspace":[10],"System":[11],"(NAS)":[12],"requires":[13],"robust":[14],"encounter":[15,141,165],"modeling":[16,57,74,107],"tools":[17,25],"to":[18,30,93,138,154],"evaluate":[19],"Detect-and-Avoid":[20],"(DAA)":[21],"systems.":[22],"However,":[23],"existing":[24],"often":[26],"lack":[27],"ability":[29],"model":[31,90],"unique":[33],"dynamics":[34],"large":[36],"UAS":[37,41,177],"(lUAS)":[38],"and":[39,43,61,97,117,123,161,173],"small":[40],"(sUAS),":[42],"few":[44],"are":[45],"available":[46],"as":[47,149],"open-source":[48,66,150],"solutions.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,70,152],"introduce":[54],"novel":[55],"flight":[56,106],"concepts":[58],"for":[59,121,143],"lUAS":[60],"sUAS,":[62],"developed":[63],"within":[64],"an":[65],"framework.":[67],"For":[68],"lUAS,":[69],"propose":[71],"a":[72,129],"hybrid":[73],"strategy":[75],"that":[76],"combines":[77],"probabilistic":[78],"manned":[79],"aircraft":[80,133],"models":[81,127],"with":[82],"UAS-specific":[83],"performance":[84],"constraints.":[85],"A":[86],"machine":[87],"learning-based":[88],"surrogate":[89],"is":[91],"employed":[92],"streamline":[94],"feasibility":[95],"evaluation":[96],"enable":[98],"generation":[100,112],"realistic":[102],"trajectories.":[103],"sUAS":[105],"technique":[108],"enables":[109],"mission-aware":[110],"trajectory":[111],"by":[113],"incorporating":[114],"geospatial":[115],"data":[116],"customized":[118],"control":[119],"architecture":[120],"fixed-wing":[122],"multirotor":[124],"configurations.":[125],"These":[126],"capture":[128],"wide":[130],"range":[131],"dynamics,":[134],"offering":[135],"potential":[137],"generate":[139],"versatile":[140],"datasets":[142],"DAA":[144],"evaluation.":[145],"By":[146],"releasing":[147],"them":[148],"resources,":[151],"aim":[153],"encourage":[155],"broader":[156],"collaboration,":[157],"inform":[158],"regulatory":[159],"development,":[160],"drive":[162],"innovation":[163],"in":[164,168],"modeling,":[166],"all":[167],"support":[169],"safe":[172],"effective":[174],"NAS.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}