{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125927053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343160","title":"FCD-YOLO: An Accurate and Efficient Method for Underwater Object Detection","display_name":"FCD-YOLO: An Accurate and Efficient Method for Underwater Object Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125927053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343160"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102351510","display_name":"Zheqi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124092317","display_name":"Jichen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159676","display_name":"Zaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x21tp94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159676"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zaozhuang Natural Resources Development Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zaozhuang Natural Resources Development Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124091442","display_name":"Mian Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124074934","display_name":"Zhike Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhike Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124075641","display_name":"Aimin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102351510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71517747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2158","last_page":"2163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7103000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.41440001130104065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7103000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6676999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.654699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8694645762443542,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2914663144","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3012740297","https://openalex.org/W3088771073","https://openalex.org/W3215073785","https://openalex.org/W4226148561","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4376610938","https://openalex.org/W4386779438","https://openalex.org/W4390827353","https://openalex.org/W4400588994","https://openalex.org/W4402754006"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"target":[1,57,200],"detection":[2,117,127,201],"presents":[3,68],"substantial":[4],"technical":[5],"challenges":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,74,84,98,133],"the":[9,26,114,130,142,147,163,181,188],"complex":[10,212],"and":[11,40,56,101,128,191,208],"dynamic":[12],"characteristics":[13],"of":[14,28,136,156,184],"marine":[15,38],"environments.":[16,61,214],"Detection":[17],"performance":[18],"is":[19,119],"frequently":[20],"impaired":[21],"by":[22,50],"factors":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,43,45,75],"presence":[27],"small":[29,199],"targets":[30,135],"with":[31,121,169,187],"limited":[32],"visual":[33],"features,":[34],"frequent":[35],"occlusions":[36],"from":[37],"organisms":[39],"suspended":[41],"particles,":[42],"well":[44],"significant":[46,196],"morphological":[47],"variations":[48],"caused":[49],"varying":[51,137],"viewing":[52],"angles,":[53],"lighting":[54],"conditions,":[55],"deformations":[58],"in":[59,211],"aquatic":[60],"To":[62,110],"tackle":[63],"these":[64],"challenges,":[65],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"an":[69],"improved":[70],"YOLOv8-based":[71],"model,":[72],"referred":[73],"FCD-YOLO.":[76],"The":[77],"proposed":[78],"model":[79,149],"incoporates":[80],"a":[81,95,122,151,159],"FCA":[82,189],"mechanism":[83,190],"emphasize":[85],"key":[86],"features":[87],"while":[88],"suppressing":[89],"background":[90],"noise.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"it":[93],"integrates":[94],"CCFF":[96],"Module":[97],"effectively":[99],"capture":[100],"merge":[102],"multi-scale":[103,125],"information":[104],"for":[105],"more":[106],"comprehensive":[107],"feature":[108,126],"representation.":[109],"further":[111,173],"improve":[112],"adaptability,":[113],"original":[115],"YOLOv8":[116,165],"head":[118],"replaced":[120],"DyHead,":[123],"enabling":[124],"enhancing":[129],"model\u2019s":[131],"ability":[132],"handle":[134],"sizes.":[138],"Experimental":[139],"results":[140,204],"on":[141,198],"URPC2020":[143],"dataset":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146],"FCD-YOLO":[148],"achieves":[150],"mean":[152],"Average":[153],"Precision":[154],"(mAP)":[155],"86.9%,":[157],"representing":[158],"5.0%":[160],"improvement":[161],"over":[162],"baseline":[164],"model.":[166],"Comparative":[167],"studies":[168,179],"other":[170],"state-of-the-art":[171],"detectors":[172],"validate":[174],"FCD-YOLO\u2019s":[175,206],"superior":[176],"accuracy.":[177],"Ablation":[178],"confirm":[180],"individual":[182],"contributions":[183],"each":[185],"component,":[186],"DyHead":[192],"module":[193],"showing":[194],"particularly":[195],"impacts":[197],"performance.":[202],"These":[203],"substantiate":[205],"superiority":[207],"practical":[209],"utility":[210],"underwater":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}