{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125918750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342717","title":"Brainwave-Based TAN Authentication: An SSVEP BCI for Secure Web Transactions","display_name":"Brainwave-Based TAN Authentication: An SSVEP BCI for Secure Web Transactions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125918750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342717"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092977271","display_name":"Atilla Cant\u00fcrk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4624-1283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70865968","display_name":"Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04wdt0z89","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70865968"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atilla Cant\u00fcrk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences,Faculty of Technology and Bionics,Germany,47533"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences,Faculty of Technology and Bionics,Germany,47533","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70865968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069251426","display_name":"Ivan Volosyak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-7617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141069","display_name":"Bochum University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04x02q560","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Volosyak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School for Applied Research in North Rhine-Westphalia (PK NRW),Faculty of Informatics and Data Science,Bochum,Germany,44801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School for Applied Research in North Rhine-Westphalia (PK NRW),Faculty of Informatics and Data Science,Bochum,Germany,44801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65516055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7365","last_page":"7371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7702000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7702000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.17180000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5523999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.35350000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7271999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5523999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2212953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948454","display_name":"Transaction log","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4014177918434143}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025341678","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2143183535","https://openalex.org/W2161396269","https://openalex.org/W2894132398","https://openalex.org/W2902076153","https://openalex.org/W2905523904","https://openalex.org/W3213822876","https://openalex.org/W4310384206","https://openalex.org/W4390120028","https://openalex.org/W4406611580","https://openalex.org/W4408899024"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,15,31,36,65,97,106,113,121],"user-friendly":[4],"SSVEP-based":[5],"Brain\u2013Computer":[6],"Interface":[7],"(BCI)":[8],"system":[9,23,88],"for":[10],"secure":[11],"transaction":[12],"authentication":[13,61,99,125],"using":[14,64],"6-digit":[16],"ternary":[17],"Transaction":[18],"Authentication":[19],"Number":[20],"(TAN).":[21],"The":[22,87],"eliminates":[24],"training":[25],"and":[26,34,96,120,131,145],"minimizes":[27],"cognitive":[28],"load":[29],"via":[30],"single-stimulus":[32],"design":[33],"provides":[35],"novel":[37],"kind":[38],"of":[39,94,101],"BCI":[40],"application.":[41],"A":[42],"filter":[43],"bank":[44],"canonical":[45],"correlation":[46],"analysis":[47],"(FBCCA)":[48],"based":[49],"algorithm":[50],"enables":[51],"accurate":[52],"classification":[53,92],"without":[54],"prior":[55],"calibration.":[56],"Sixteen":[57],"participants":[58,70,79],"completed":[59],"five":[60],"trials":[62],"each":[63],"web-based":[66],"donation":[67],"task.":[68],"All":[69],"performed":[71],"at":[72],"least":[73],"one":[74],"successful":[75],"authentication,":[76],"with":[77],"nine":[78],"(56%)":[80],"achieving":[81],"perfect":[82],"accuracy":[83,93,119],"across":[84],"all":[85],"trials.":[86],"reached":[89],"an":[90],"average":[91],"94.6%":[95],"mean":[98],"time":[100],"17.2":[102],"seconds.":[103],"Compared":[104],"to":[105,142,149],"recent":[107],"cVEP-based":[108],"TAN":[109],"system,":[110],"this":[111],"reflects":[112],"35.6":[114],"percentage":[115],"point":[116],"improvement":[117],"in":[118,124,152],"61.9%":[122],"reduction":[123],"time.":[126],"Participants":[127],"reported":[128],"low":[129],"mental":[130],"physical":[132],"strain,":[133],"which":[134],"indicates":[135],"high":[136],"usability.":[137],"Future":[138],"work":[139],"includes":[140],"transitioning":[141],"dry":[143],"electrodes":[144],"embedded":[146],"real-time":[147],"processing":[148],"support":[150],"deployment":[151],"real-world":[153],"applications.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}