{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125923815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342708","title":"Enhancing Path Prediction with Eye Movement Data: Deep Learning Applications in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"Enhancing Path Prediction with Eye Movement Data: Deep Learning Applications in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125923815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342708"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050152393","display_name":"Shehab Alsanwy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-9547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shehab Alsanwy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University,Institute of Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI),VIC,Australia,3216"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University,Institute of Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI),VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539","https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077083782","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Chalak Qazani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-029X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Chalak Qazani","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Cook University,College of Science and Engineering,Townsville,GLD,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Cook University,College of Science and Engineering,Townsville,GLD,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092743873","display_name":"Arian Shajari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-5437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arian Shajari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University,Institute of Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI),VIC,Australia,3216"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University,Institute of Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI),VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539","https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057133494","display_name":"Saeid Nahavandi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Nahavandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology,Melbourne,VIC,Australia,3122"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology,Melbourne,VIC,Australia,3122","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072981510","display_name":"Houshyar Asadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-8693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houshyar Asadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University,Institute of Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI),VIC,Australia,3216"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University,Institute of Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI),VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539","https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050152393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539","https://openalex.org/I4210105785"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58522538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7737","last_page":"7743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.03500000014901161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127757376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2056514","display_name":"Active safety","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W265998786","https://openalex.org/W2042991239","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2097886782","https://openalex.org/W2153683413","https://openalex.org/W2336450639","https://openalex.org/W2398063818","https://openalex.org/W2883602772","https://openalex.org/W2894729651","https://openalex.org/W2909400221","https://openalex.org/W2952928185","https://openalex.org/W2955237545","https://openalex.org/W2963914175","https://openalex.org/W2990252805","https://openalex.org/W2994903850","https://openalex.org/W2999995229","https://openalex.org/W3031815118","https://openalex.org/W3040350759","https://openalex.org/W3046603013","https://openalex.org/W3082925698","https://openalex.org/W3083140932","https://openalex.org/W3119736710","https://openalex.org/W3145245377","https://openalex.org/W3160050461","https://openalex.org/W3164601514","https://openalex.org/W3198611307","https://openalex.org/W4200338741","https://openalex.org/W4206088585","https://openalex.org/W4210945445","https://openalex.org/W4214844711","https://openalex.org/W4294310633","https://openalex.org/W4309344240","https://openalex.org/W4309345964","https://openalex.org/W4309672170","https://openalex.org/W4316660883","https://openalex.org/W4318200241","https://openalex.org/W4391306937","https://openalex.org/W4391307917","https://openalex.org/W4399758949","https://openalex.org/W4406612599","https://openalex.org/W4407881622"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"trajectory":[1,47,54,169,208],"prediction":[2,55],"plays":[3],"a":[4,87,121],"pivotal":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,35,86,147],"enhancing":[8],"advanced":[9,53],"driver":[10,36],"assistance":[11],"systems":[12,214],"(ADAS)":[13],"and":[14,24,63,74,107,135,140,179,212,221],"autonomous":[15],"vehicles":[16],"(AVs),":[17],"crucial":[18],"for":[19,33,144,210],"collision":[20],"avoidance,":[21],"path":[22],"planning,":[23],"traffic":[25],"management.":[26],"Traditional":[27],"models":[28,83,132,194],"often":[29],"fail":[30],"to":[31,91,193],"account":[32],"variations":[34],"behaviour,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39,184,186],"eye":[40,71,108,159],"movement":[41,72,109,160],"patterns,":[42],"which":[43],"can":[44],"substantially":[45],"influence":[46],"predictions.":[48],"Our":[49,152],"research":[50],"presents":[51],"an":[52],"model":[56],"that":[57,124,155],"integrates":[58],"Long":[59],"Short-Term":[60],"Memory":[61],"(LSTM)":[62],"Gated":[64],"Recurrent":[65],"Unit":[66],"(GRU)":[67],"networks":[68],"with":[69,116],"both":[70,173],"data":[73,98,161],"traditional":[75],"vehicle":[76,100,163,198],"dynamic":[77],"information.":[78],"The":[79,131],"accuracy":[80,167],"of":[81,158,168,207],"these":[82],"was":[84,113],"evaluated":[85],"simulated":[88],"environment":[89],"designed":[90],"mimic":[92],"real-world":[93],"driving":[94,122],"conditions,":[95],"capturing":[96],"extensive":[97],"on":[99,197],"dynamics,":[101],"including":[102],"position,":[103],"rotation,":[104],"acceleration,":[105],"speed,":[106],"patterns.":[110],"Data":[111],"collection":[112],"rigorously":[114],"conducted":[115],"17":[117],"drivers,":[118],"each":[119],"using":[120,137],"simulator":[123],"ran":[125],"the":[126,156,166,205],"Euro":[127],"Truck":[128],"Simulator":[129],"software.":[130],"were":[133],"implemented":[134],"validated":[136],"Python":[138],"3.9":[139],"Google":[141],"Colab,":[142],"chosen":[143],"their":[145,219],"effectiveness":[146],"handling":[148],"deep":[149],"learning":[150],"tasks.":[151],"findings":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"inclusion":[157],"alongside":[162],"dynamics":[164],"enhances":[165],"predictions,":[170],"significantly":[171,217],"reducing":[172],"Root":[174],"Mean":[175,180,187],"Square":[176],"Error":[177,182,189],"(RMSE)":[178],"Absolute":[181,188],"(MAE)":[183],"well":[185],"Percentage":[190],"(MAPE),":[191],"compared":[192],"based":[195],"solely":[196],"dynamics.":[199],"This":[200],"improvement":[201],"not":[202],"only":[203],"bolsters":[204],"precision":[206],"predictions":[209],"ADAS":[211],"AV":[213],"but":[215],"also":[216],"elevates":[218],"safety":[220],"operational":[222],"efficiency.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
