{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125905932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342521","title":"An Adaptive Learning System for Anomaly Detection in SDN","display_name":"An Adaptive Learning System for Anomaly Detection in SDN","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125905932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342521"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342521","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117071781","display_name":"Ehtesham Ferdous","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ehtesham Ferdous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122188694","display_name":"Md Geaur Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Geaur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086858608","display_name":"Adnan Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-9037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University,School of Computing,NSW,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University,School of Computing,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124116864","display_name":"Sabih ur Rehman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabih ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124093717","display_name":"Md Zahidul Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Zahidul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Sturt University,School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117071781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74426624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3313","last_page":"3320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.4943999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.4943999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.3294000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7942000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.33239999413490295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7942000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342521","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4136057496070862}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063876071","https://openalex.org/W2068714596","https://openalex.org/W2535642622","https://openalex.org/W2548015322","https://openalex.org/W2593862608","https://openalex.org/W2626498001","https://openalex.org/W2794280825","https://openalex.org/W2808679319","https://openalex.org/W2809581102","https://openalex.org/W2887712777","https://openalex.org/W2950204666","https://openalex.org/W3084346886","https://openalex.org/W3096035740","https://openalex.org/W3200830124","https://openalex.org/W4200185848","https://openalex.org/W4226080103","https://openalex.org/W4226280930","https://openalex.org/W4308106257","https://openalex.org/W4321368124","https://openalex.org/W4384937665","https://openalex.org/W4389720782","https://openalex.org/W4392867149","https://openalex.org/W4400762160"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Significant":[0],"growth":[1],"of":[2,78,107,117,166,203],"internet":[3],"users":[4],"signifies":[5],"that":[6,66,120,156,192],"more":[7],"autonomous":[8],"systems":[9],"need":[10],"to":[11,21,26,71],"be":[12],"designed.":[13],"Software-Defined":[14],"Network":[15],"(SDN)":[16],"replaces":[17],"traditional":[18,60],"networks":[19],"due":[20,70],"their":[22],"solubility":[23],"and":[24,44,62,92,100,104],"capability":[25],"integrate":[27],"with":[28,42],"artificial":[29],"intelligence.":[30],"It":[31],"also":[32],"makes":[33],"networking":[34],"future":[35],"poof.":[36],"A":[37],"technological":[38],"shift":[39],"often":[40],"comes":[41],"shortcomings,":[43],"SDN":[45,139],"is":[46,51,170],"no":[47],"exception.":[48],"Anomaly":[49],"detection":[50,57],"a":[52,125,135],"crucial":[53],"task.":[54],"Existing":[55],"anomaly":[56,142,161],"methods":[58,182],"use":[59],"statistical":[61],"machine":[63],"learning-based":[64],"models":[65],"may":[67],"perform":[68],"poorly":[69],"two":[72,184],"key":[73],"issues:":[74],"(i)":[75],"the":[76,83,93,108,115,130],"unavailability":[77],"all":[79,118],"training":[80,94],"network-packets":[81,119],"at":[82,211],"beginning":[84],"since":[85],"these":[86],"packets":[87],"are":[88],"received":[89],"over":[90,98,122],"time":[91,123],"dataset":[95],"gradually":[96],"grows":[97],"time,":[99],"(ii)":[101],"limited":[102],"memory":[103],"computation":[105],"capacity":[106],"computing":[109],"system":[110],"for":[111,124,151],"model":[112],"building,":[113],"preventing":[114],"storage":[116],"arrive":[121],"prolonged":[126],"period.":[127],"To":[128],"address":[129],"issues,":[131],"this":[132,204],"paper":[133],"introduces":[134],"novel":[136],"functionality":[137],"in":[138],"called":[140],"Adaptive":[141],"Detection":[143],"Method":[144],"(ADM),":[145],"which":[146],"utilises":[147],"an":[148],"existing":[149,198],"technique":[150],"facilitating":[152],"incremental":[153],"learning":[154],"so":[155],"ADM":[157,169,193],"can":[158],"handle":[159],"new":[160],"types":[162],"by":[163,175],"keeping":[164],"track":[165],"historical":[167],"information.":[168],"evaluated":[171],"using":[172],"four":[173,180],"criteria":[174],"comparing":[176],"its":[177],"performances":[178],"against":[179],"state-of-the-art":[181],"on":[183],"publicly":[185,209],"available":[186,210],"datasets.":[187],"Our":[188],"experimental":[189],"results":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"performs":[194],"significantly":[195],"better":[196],"than":[197],"techniques.":[199],"The":[200],"source":[201],"code":[202],"work":[205],"has":[206],"been":[207],"made":[208],"https://github.com/eferdous/adm":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}