{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125920528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342488","title":"Upper-Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Using Brain-Computer Interface Based on Motor Imagery plus Non-Invasive Brain and Muscular Stimulation","display_name":"Upper-Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Using Brain-Computer Interface Based on Motor Imagery plus Non-Invasive Brain and Muscular Stimulation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125920528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342488"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046278346","display_name":"Teodiano Bastos-Filho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-2773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Teodiano Bastos-Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016824814","display_name":"Aura Ximena Gonz\u00e1lez-Cely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-0834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aura Ximena Gonzalez-Cely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042291789","display_name":"Sheida Mehrpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-8071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheida Mehrpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087676376","display_name":"Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-0911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernanda Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045934512","display_name":"Ana Cecilia Villa-Parra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-9372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132940433","display_name":"Politecnica Salesiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f11af73","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Cecilia Villa-Parra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit&#x00E9;cnica Salesiana,Biomedical Engineering Research Group&#x2013; GIIB,Cuenca,Ecuador"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit&#x00E9;cnica Salesiana,Biomedical Engineering Research Group&#x2013; GIIB,Cuenca,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132940433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124077258","display_name":"Fernando Cabral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Cabral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito,Vitoria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046278346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75294118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"577","last_page":"582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.08969999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.7759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-independence-measure","display_name":"Functional Independence Measure","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.7077000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6953999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.6564000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-stroke","display_name":"Chronic stroke","score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.4918000102043152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.7759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780328615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25099899","display_name":"Functional Independence Measure","level":3,"score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.7077000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6953999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.6564000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018579778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Chronic stroke","level":3,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098821","display_name":"Modified Ashworth scale","level":3,"score":0.4544999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910144760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831014","display_name":"Beta Rhythm","level":3,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510101","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736045","display_name":"Sensorimotor rhythm","level":4,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778261627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608695","display_name":"Movement disorders","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5244102478027344}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484449035","https://openalex.org/W1998201582","https://openalex.org/W2061753672","https://openalex.org/W2117597191","https://openalex.org/W2172607671","https://openalex.org/W2551361000","https://openalex.org/W2624870995","https://openalex.org/W2913876336","https://openalex.org/W3088254759","https://openalex.org/W3098637762","https://openalex.org/W3137788206","https://openalex.org/W3204794920","https://openalex.org/W3211107009","https://openalex.org/W4213373703","https://openalex.org/W4220719412","https://openalex.org/W4220925404","https://openalex.org/W4221059667","https://openalex.org/W4379534337","https://openalex.org/W4386761672","https://openalex.org/W4387741630","https://openalex.org/W4390444974","https://openalex.org/W4390699420","https://openalex.org/W4390904348","https://openalex.org/W4394994666","https://openalex.org/W4401055097","https://openalex.org/W4401388171","https://openalex.org/W4405582687"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,38],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,41,67,112,123,137],"application":[4],"of":[5,43,61,115,139],"an":[6,108,128],"upper-limb":[7,63],"rehabilitation":[8,70],"protocol":[9,39],"in":[10,48,105,111,131],"chronique":[11],"stroke":[12],"using":[13],"a":[14,50,102],"Brain-Computer":[15],"Interface":[16],"(BCI)":[17],"based":[18],"on":[19],"Motor":[20],"Imagery":[21],"(MI),":[22],"Non-Invasive":[23],"Brain":[24],"Stimulation":[25,31,36],"(NIBS)":[26],"like":[27],"transcranial":[28],"Alternating":[29,44],"Current":[30],"(tACS),":[32],"and":[33,94,107,133],"Functional":[34,83],"Electrical":[35],"(FES).":[37],"uses":[40],"concept":[42],"Treatment":[45],"Design":[46],"(ATD),":[47],"which":[49],"chronic":[51],"post-stroke":[52],"subject":[53],"is":[54],"submitted":[55],"to":[56],"these":[57,99],"techniques":[58],"for":[59],"recovery":[60],"his":[62,116],"movements":[64],"affected":[65],"by":[66,120],"stroke.":[68],"The":[69],"progress":[71],"was":[72,127],"verified":[73],"through":[74],"metrics,":[75],"such":[76],"as":[77],"Fugl":[78],"Meyer":[79],"Assessment":[80],"Scale":[81,89],"(FMS),":[82],"Independence":[84],"Measure":[85],"(FIM),":[86],"Modified":[87],"Ashworth":[88],"(MAS),":[90],"surface":[91],"Electromyography":[92],"(sEMG)":[93],"Electroencephalography":[95],"(EEG).":[96],"Results":[97],"from":[98],"metrics":[100],"include":[101],"2.4%":[103],"increase":[104,110,130],"FMS":[106],"11%":[109],"muscle":[113],"contraction":[114],"finger":[117],"extensors,":[118],"evaluated":[119],"sEMG.":[121],"For":[122],"EEG":[124],"analysis,":[125],"there":[126],"energy":[129],"mu":[132],"beta":[134],"rhythms":[135],"at":[136],"end":[138],"protocol.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-23T20:09:44.859080","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
