{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125971660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342446","title":"A Disease Feature Fusion and Drug Constraint Decision GNN Model for Personalized Drug Recommendation","display_name":"A Disease Feature Fusion and Drug Constraint Decision GNN Model for Personalized Drug Recommendation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125971660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342446"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124054000","display_name":"Zan Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110210942","display_name":"W. Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124073269","display_name":"Jing Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589055","display_name":"Song Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan),Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124054000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83980976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2344","last_page":"2351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9067999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9067999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5857999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.3359000086784363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5857999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38764148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098245","display_name":"Interaction information","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75564084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597085","display_name":"Graph embedding","level":3,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86034646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474311","display_name":"Semantic gap","level":4,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11342446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4452984929084778,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119002393","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2531051281","https://openalex.org/W2744140371","https://openalex.org/W2963806310","https://openalex.org/W2964068143","https://openalex.org/W2997653844","https://openalex.org/W3021541414","https://openalex.org/W3041319475","https://openalex.org/W3080913355","https://openalex.org/W3092198864","https://openalex.org/W3192905713","https://openalex.org/W3202019878","https://openalex.org/W4220894606","https://openalex.org/W4225394998","https://openalex.org/W4290927771","https://openalex.org/W4307093167","https://openalex.org/W4319071821","https://openalex.org/W4389118066","https://openalex.org/W4398231109","https://openalex.org/W4399422799","https://openalex.org/W4401538873"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalized":[0],"drug":[1,18,22,89,112,144,176,194],"recommendation":[2,23,57,113],"is":[3,35,93],"a":[4,110,122,129,134,139,149,155,175],"process":[5,58],"that":[6],"analyzes":[7],"the":[8,26,48,56,64,118,165,183,193,201],"individual":[9],"characteristics":[10],"of":[11,30,133,167],"patients":[12],"to":[13,54,61,97,127,159,180,204],"predict":[14],"their":[15],"most":[16],"suitable":[17],"plan.":[19],"However,":[20],"existing":[21,74],"methods":[24,75],"use":[25,154],"information":[27,67,131],"fusion":[28,132],"method":[29],"vector":[31],"horizontal":[32],"concatenation,":[33],"which":[34,79],"computationally":[36],"complex":[37],"and":[38,52,70,137,153,170,188],"introduces":[39],"unnecessary":[40],"noise.":[41],"Furthermore,":[42,146],"previous":[43],"models":[44],"only":[45],"rely":[46],"on":[47,200],"relationship":[49],"between":[50,68,186],"drugs":[51,80,187],"symptoms":[53,60],"achieve":[55,128],"from":[59],"drugs,":[62],"ignoring":[63],"semantic":[65,130,162],"interaction":[66,90,184],"diseases":[69],"symptoms.":[71],"In":[72,117],"addition,":[73],"cannot":[76],"clearly":[77],"determine":[78],"should":[81],"be":[82],"retained":[83],"or":[84],"removed":[85],"when":[86],"faced":[87],"with":[88,206],"conflicts,":[91],"it":[92],"difficult":[94],"for":[95,102,143],"them":[96],"reduce":[98],"drug-drug":[99],"interactions":[100],"(DDI)":[101],"recommendation.":[103,145],"To":[104],"solve":[105],"these":[106],"problems,":[107],"we":[108,120,147,173,197],"propose":[109],"personalized":[111],"model":[114],"named":[115],"DFDC-GNN.":[116],"model,":[119],"design":[121,174],"dimensionality":[123],"reduction":[124],"processing":[125],"module":[126,152],"lower":[135],"dimension":[136],"obtain":[138],"comprehensive":[140],"embedding":[141],"representation":[142,151],"introduce":[148],"disease":[150],"graph":[156],"attention":[157],"network":[158],"capture":[160],"high-order":[161],"relationships":[163,185],"among":[164],"nodes":[166],"symptoms,":[168],"disease,":[169],"drugs.":[171],"Moreover,":[172],"constraint":[177],"decision":[178],"mechanism":[179],"effectively":[181],"extract":[182],"reasonably":[189],"control":[190],"DDI":[191],"in":[192],"combination.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"conducted":[198],"experiments":[199],"MIMIC-III":[202],"dataset":[203],"compare":[205],"other":[207],"baseline":[208],"models.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}