{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391331190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394100","title":"Explaining Convolutional Neural Networks for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface Using Influence Functions","display_name":"Explaining Convolutional Neural Networks for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface Using Influence Functions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391331190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046402219","display_name":"Hoonseok Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hoonseok Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Department of Big Data Analytics,Republic of Korea","Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Department of Big Data Analytics,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801849","display_name":"Donghyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-6168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Department of Big Data Analytics,Republic of Korea","Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Department of Big Data Analytics,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083807006","display_name":"Sangyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-7982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,United States","Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034106271","display_name":"Sanghyun Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-3437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghyun Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,United States","Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077333287","display_name":"Chang S. Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-0703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang. S. Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University,Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,United States","Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sangwon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangwon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University,Republic of Korea","School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048369297","display_name":"Jae\u2010Yoon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Yoon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University,Department of Big Data Analytics,Republic of Korea","Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University,Department of Big Data Analytics,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046402219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22637813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":null,"first_page":"4436","last_page":"4440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8759016990661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.86066734790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8093371987342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7712565064430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6066372394561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5599718689918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5117735266685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4357849955558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34873372316360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33758050203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06928896903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.05514606833457947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8759016990661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.86066734790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8093371987342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7712565064430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6066372394561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5599718689918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5117735266685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4357849955558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34873372316360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33758050203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06928896903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.05514606833457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101629643","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963287333","https://openalex.org/W2963355311","https://openalex.org/W3045676091","https://openalex.org/W3080718218","https://openalex.org/W3092342532","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W6730035438","https://openalex.org/W6735632633","https://openalex.org/W6761184903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W4319302618","https://openalex.org/W1969223073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,5,21,24,51,58,68,71,76,82,90,93,99,102],"high":[2],"performance":[3],"of":[4,23,60,92,101],"convolutional":[6],"neural":[7],"networks":[8],"(CNNs)":[9],"for":[10,42,45,63,87,98],"brain-computer":[11],"interface":[12],"(BCI)":[13],"tasks":[14,48],"based":[15],"on":[16,75],"raw":[17],"electroencephalography":[18],"(EEG)":[19],"signals,":[20],"explanation":[22],"prediction":[25],"result":[26],"remains":[27],"challenging":[28],"owing":[29],"to":[30],"their":[31],"complex":[32],"structure":[33],"and":[34,70],"numerous":[35],"parameters.":[36],"We":[37],"propose":[38],"a":[39],"novel":[40],"framework":[41],"explaining":[43],"CNNs":[44],"EEG-based":[46],"BCI":[47],"by":[49],"using":[50],"perturbation-based":[52],"influence":[53],"scores.":[54],"The":[55,73],"method":[56,84],"supports":[57],"interpretation":[59,91],"CNN":[61],"classification":[62,103],"EEG":[64],"signals":[65],"at":[66],"both":[67],"example-level":[69],"feature-level.":[72],"experiments":[74],"BCIC":[77],"III-IVa":[78],"dataset":[79],"demonstrate":[80],"that":[81],"proposed":[83],"is":[85],"effective":[86],"not":[88],"only":[89],"predictive":[94],"models,":[95],"but":[96],"also":[97],"improvement":[100],"accuracy.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}