{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309375228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc53654.2022.9945407","title":"A Hand-Gesture Recognition Based Interpretable Type-2 Fuzzy Rule-based System for Extended Reality","display_name":"A Hand-Gesture Recognition Based Interpretable Type-2 Fuzzy Rule-based System for Extended Reality","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309375228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc53654.2022.9945407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc53654.2022.9945407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc53654.2022.9945407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607746","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013215163","display_name":"Hugo Leon-Garza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-2999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Leon-Garza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Colchester,UK","The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Colchester,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041176153","display_name":"Hani Hagras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Hagras","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Colchester,UK","The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Colchester,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Computational Intelligence Centre, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088611836","display_name":"Anasol Pe\u00f1a-R\u00edos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-9501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anasol Pena-Rios","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,UK","BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021571491","display_name":"Ozkan Cem Bahceci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozkan Bahceci","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,UK","BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024260804","display_name":"Anthony Conway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Conway","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,UK","BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath,Ipswich,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Plc Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1059,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23618383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2894","last_page":"2899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6846314668655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6718600988388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5981615781784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5389336943626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.49973464012145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.4846106469631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-rule","display_name":"Fuzzy rule","score":0.46732985973358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.4361459016799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37689208984375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6846314668655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6718600988388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5981615781784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5389336943626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.49973464012145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4846106469631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511139","display_name":"Fuzzy rule","level":4,"score":0.46732985973358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.4361459016799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc53654.2022.9945407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc53654.2022.9945407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607746","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984762043","https://openalex.org/W1997756370","https://openalex.org/W2053260168","https://openalex.org/W2066452050","https://openalex.org/W2095261246","https://openalex.org/W2095331541","https://openalex.org/W2122122381","https://openalex.org/W2305645275","https://openalex.org/W2784331276","https://openalex.org/W2889211735","https://openalex.org/W2895144199","https://openalex.org/W2911513626","https://openalex.org/W2913642042","https://openalex.org/W3082533381","https://openalex.org/W3157903123","https://openalex.org/W3174972144","https://openalex.org/W3190164502","https://openalex.org/W4205168961","https://openalex.org/W4224291801","https://openalex.org/W6755261416","https://openalex.org/W6758487039","https://openalex.org/W6805925624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2989699735","https://openalex.org/W1822436433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"technologies":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"Augmented":[6],"Reality":[7,11],"(AR)":[8],"and":[9,17,26,93,110,120,134,145],"Virtual":[10],"(VR)":[12],"have":[13],"become":[14],"more":[15],"popular":[16],"available":[18],"to":[19,23,38,97,148,164],"broader":[20],"audiences,":[21],"leading":[22],"the":[24,48,52,70,78,82,99,142,149,154],"research":[25],"development":[27],"of":[28,31,50,108,153],"a":[29,131,135,161],"myriad":[30],"extended":[32,86],"applications.":[33],"A":[34],"modality":[35],"for":[36],"end-users":[37],"interact":[39],"with":[40],"these":[41],"applications":[42],"is":[43,112],"through":[44],"hand":[45,101],"gestures,":[46],"hence":[47],"importance":[49],"detecting":[51],"different":[53],"gestures":[54],"in":[55,85],"real":[56],"time.":[57],"This":[58,103],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"an":[61,106,113],"interval":[62,125],"type-2":[63,126],"Fuzzy":[64],"Rule-based":[65],"System":[66],"(FRBS)":[67],"optimised":[68],"by":[69,122],"Big":[71],"Bang-Big":[72],"Crunch":[73],"(BB-BC)":[74],"algorithm":[75],"that":[76,116],"uses":[77],"fingers\u2019":[79],"position":[80],"from":[81],"hand-tracking":[83],"technology":[84],"reality":[87],"(XR)":[88],"headsets":[89],"(namely":[90],"HoloLens":[91],"2":[92],"Oculus":[94],"Quest":[95],"2)":[96],"classify":[98],"user\u2019s":[100],"gestures.":[102],"approach":[104,160],"achieved":[105],"accuracy":[107,151],"96.4%,":[109],"it":[111],"interpretable":[114],"model":[115],"can":[117],"be":[118],"understood":[119],"adjusted":[121],"end-users.":[123],"The":[124],"FRBS":[127,133,144],"was":[128,146],"tested":[129],"against":[130],"type-1":[132,143],"k-nearest":[136],"neighbours":[137],"(KNN)":[138],"model.":[139],"It":[140],"outperformed":[141],"close":[147],"98.9%":[150],"performance":[152],"KNN":[155],"model,":[156],"making":[157],"our":[158],"suggested":[159],"competitive":[162],"alternative":[163],"opaque":[165],"models.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}