{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205266128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658678","title":"Energy-Aware Task Offloading with Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization in Hybrid Edge Computing","display_name":"Energy-Aware Task Offloading with Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization in Hybrid Edge Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205266128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607761","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057935426","display_name":"Jing Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-0141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947686","display_name":"Kaiyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-7343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070546858","display_name":"Haitao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8475-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101768653","display_name":"Qinglong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6862-8705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8033367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3194","last_page":"3199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.824921727180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6562588810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.621759831905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6156297922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.529961884021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5253084301948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5085448026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.49054163694381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4760068356990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45734214782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4415401518344879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35954928398132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.34293442964553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29975879192352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.2763400673866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15020573139190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.101290762424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07876968383789062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.824921727180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6562588810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.621759831905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6156297922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.529961884021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5253084301948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5085448026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49054163694381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4760068356990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45734214782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4415401518344879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35954928398132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.34293442964553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29975879192352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.2763400673866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15020573139190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.101290762424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07876968383789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607761","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904504745","https://openalex.org/W2080017588","https://openalex.org/W2396908774","https://openalex.org/W2464889299","https://openalex.org/W2516316490","https://openalex.org/W2593769694","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2761545465","https://openalex.org/W2801812796","https://openalex.org/W2894645340","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2899248176","https://openalex.org/W2908286818","https://openalex.org/W2913702122","https://openalex.org/W2915923669","https://openalex.org/W2921589114","https://openalex.org/W2936360338","https://openalex.org/W2946103376","https://openalex.org/W2963728120","https://openalex.org/W2999696017","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3042732884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W3014317926","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"Devices":[1],"(MDs)":[2],"support":[3],"various":[4],"delay/computation-intensive":[5],"applications.":[6,23],"Yet":[7],"they":[8],"only":[9],"have":[10],"limited":[11],"battery":[12],"energy":[13,74,84,180],"and":[14,33,45,64,125,140,149,153,155],"computing":[15,27],"resources,":[16],"thereby":[17],"failing":[18],"to":[19,55,59,144],"totally":[20],"run":[21],"all":[22],"A":[24],"mobile":[25],"edge":[26],"(MEC)":[28],"paradigm":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"proposed,":[32],"its":[34],"servers":[35],"are":[36],"often":[37],"deployed":[38],"in":[39,178],"both":[40],"macro":[41],"base":[42,47],"stations":[43,48],"(MBSs)":[44],"small":[46],"(SBSs).":[49],"Thus,":[50],"it":[51],"is":[52],"highly":[53],"challenging":[54],"associate":[56],"resource-limited":[57],"MDs":[58],"them":[60,70],"with":[61,162],"high":[62],"performance,":[63],"realize":[65],"partial":[66],"computation":[67],"offloading":[68,136],"among":[69,137],"for":[71],"minimizing":[72],"total":[73,83,179],"consumption":[75,85],"of":[76,120,128,158],"an":[77,100],"MEC":[78],"system.":[79],"This":[80],"work":[81,98],"formulates":[82],"minimization":[86],"as":[87],"a":[88,121,129],"constrained":[89],"mixed":[90],"integer":[91],"non-linear":[92],"program.":[93],"To":[94],"solve":[95],"it,":[96],"this":[97],"designs":[99],"improved":[101],"meta-heuristic":[102],"optimization":[103,108],"algorithm":[104],"called":[105],"Particle":[106],"swarm":[107,123],"based":[109],"on":[110],"Genetic":[111],"Learning":[112],"(PGL),":[113],"which":[114],"integrates":[115],"strong":[116],"local":[117],"search":[118],"capacity":[119],"particle":[122],"optimizer,":[124],"genetic":[126,130],"operations":[127],"algorithm.":[131],"PGL":[132,172],"jointly":[133],"optimizes":[134],"task":[135],"MDs,":[138],"SBSs":[139,152],"MBS,":[141,154],"users\u2019":[142],"connection":[143],"SBSs,":[145],"MDs\u2019":[146],"CPU":[147],"speeds":[148],"transmission":[150],"power,":[151],"bandwidth":[156],"allocation":[157],"available":[159],"channels.":[160],"Simulations":[161],"real-world":[163],"data":[164],"collected":[165],"from":[166],"Google":[167],"cluster":[168],"trace":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"that":[171],"significantly":[173],"outperforms":[174],"other":[175],"existing":[176],"methods":[177],"consumption.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
