{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206363484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658623","title":"Stress Assessment and Mitigation using fNIRS and Binaural Beat Stimulation","display_name":"Stress Assessment and Mitigation using fNIRS and Binaural Beat Stimulation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206363484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607761","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015905278","display_name":"Fares Al-Shargie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-8032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fares Al-Shargie","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Sharjah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Sharjah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084891535","display_name":"Rateb Katmah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3723-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rateb Katmah","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Sharjah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Sharjah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102737812","display_name":"Usman Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-2165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Sharjah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Sharjah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010366936","display_name":"Fabio Babiloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-176X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Babiloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sapienza Rome, Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sapienza Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026022170","display_name":"Fadwa Al Mughairbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadwa Al-Mughairbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080706447","display_name":"Hasan Al\u2010Nashash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Al-Nashash","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Sharjah"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Sharjah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015905278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95489493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2678","last_page":"2683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binaural-recording","display_name":"Binaural recording","score":0.6559567451477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroop-effect","display_name":"Stroop effect","score":0.647704005241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5745178461074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.5076719522476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-stress","display_name":"Mental stress","score":0.5060903429985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4498160183429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.43370670080184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.43039843440055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.380524218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37585633993148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29112789034843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1948232352733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.16960901021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.11117663979530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10856270790100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.09711840748786926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201247586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5612967","display_name":"Binaural recording","level":2,"score":0.6559567451477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162967406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384176","display_name":"Stroop effect","level":3,"score":0.647704005241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5745178461074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5076719522476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984493583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500368","display_name":"Mental stress","level":2,"score":0.5060903429985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4498160183429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.43370670080184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43039843440055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.380524218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37585633993148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29112789034843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1948232352733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16960901021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11117663979530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10856270790100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.09711840748786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607761","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321430","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986612696","https://openalex.org/W2035192956","https://openalex.org/W2048162634","https://openalex.org/W2170097351","https://openalex.org/W2221733689","https://openalex.org/W2291281181","https://openalex.org/W2528710901","https://openalex.org/W2535370027","https://openalex.org/W2595202957","https://openalex.org/W2603578650","https://openalex.org/W2757047268","https://openalex.org/W2769495373","https://openalex.org/W2779568936","https://openalex.org/W2789937983","https://openalex.org/W2885031994","https://openalex.org/W2894379144","https://openalex.org/W2963610620","https://openalex.org/W2975452052","https://openalex.org/W2992344551","https://openalex.org/W3033220742","https://openalex.org/W3037958625","https://openalex.org/W3083453839","https://openalex.org/W3153283913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241390462","https://openalex.org/W1970555053","https://openalex.org/W2053629062","https://openalex.org/W2057396539","https://openalex.org/W3205260276","https://openalex.org/W2412548067","https://openalex.org/W2091287875","https://openalex.org/W2368315872","https://openalex.org/W2102031179","https://openalex.org/W2970128662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"binaural":[3],"beat":[4],"stimulation":[5],"(BBs)":[6],"on":[7,76],"mitigating":[8],"mental":[9,124],"stress":[10,22,42,50,69,127],"levels":[11,23,40,122],"at":[12],"the":[13,39,66,94,105,113],"workplace.":[14],"We":[15,64,87],"developed":[16],"an":[17,131],"experimental":[18],"protocol":[19],"to":[20],"induce":[21],"by":[24,53,99],"performing":[25],"Stroop":[26],"Color-Word":[27],"Task":[28],"(SCWT)":[29],"under":[30],"time":[31],"pressure":[32],"and":[33,61,81,103,128,136,140],"negative":[34],"feedback.":[35],"Then,":[36],"we":[37],"mitigated":[38],"of":[41,49,68,96,123,134,138,142],"using":[43,70],"16":[44],"Hz":[45],"BBs.":[46],"The":[47,108],"level":[48,67],"was":[51],"assessed":[52],"utilizing":[54],"Functional":[55],"Near-Infrared":[56],"Spectroscopy":[57],"(fNIRS),":[58],"salivary":[59],"alpha-amylase,":[60],"behavioral":[62],"responses.":[63],"quantified":[65],"statistical":[71],"analysis,":[72],"functional":[73],"connectivity":[74],"based":[75],"Phase":[77],"Locking":[78],"Value":[79],"(PLV),":[80],"support":[82],"vector":[83],"machines":[84],"(SVM)":[85],"classifier.":[86],"found":[88],"that":[89,112],"BBs":[90],"has":[91],"significantly":[92],"improved":[93],"accuracy":[95,133],"target":[97],"detection":[98],"27.35":[100],"%,":[101],"(p<0.005)":[102],"reduced":[104],"cortisol":[106],"level.":[107],"classification":[109],"results":[110],"showed":[111],"SVM":[114],"technique":[115],"with":[116,130],"PLV":[117],"features":[118],"differentiates":[119],"between":[120],"three":[121],"states":[125],"(control,":[126],"mitigation)":[129],"average":[132],"65.22%,":[135],"sensitivity":[137],"81.79%":[139],"specificity":[141],"80.10%.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}