{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111373324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283495","title":"An N-ary Tree-based Model for Similarity Evaluation on Mathematical Formulae","display_name":"An N-ary Tree-based Model for Similarity Evaluation on Mathematical Formulae","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111373324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283495","mag":"3111373324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003757306","display_name":"Yifan Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780219","display_name":"Liangyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410545","display_name":"Zihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2578","last_page":"2584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6532580256462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6447099447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6375752687454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5823853015899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5234598517417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4933868944644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.486858069896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.43264782428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.41604992747306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4058324992656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4051136076450348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4022536277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3183274567127228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14036497473716736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6532580256462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6447099447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6375752687454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5823853015899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5234598517417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4933868944644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.486858069896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43264782428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.41604992747306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4058324992656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4051136076450348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4022536277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3183274567127228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14036497473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501292707","https://openalex.org/W1791937425","https://openalex.org/W2031071334","https://openalex.org/W2065005579","https://openalex.org/W2109244020","https://openalex.org/W2118274478","https://openalex.org/W2140313579","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2271797477","https://openalex.org/W2340997632","https://openalex.org/W2403741298","https://openalex.org/W2593915113","https://openalex.org/W2594060571","https://openalex.org/W2594301182","https://openalex.org/W2594866016","https://openalex.org/W2724771389","https://openalex.org/W2737236965","https://openalex.org/W2740807107","https://openalex.org/W2752172973","https://openalex.org/W2883885170","https://openalex.org/W2935550293","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2964003257","https://openalex.org/W2975239981","https://openalex.org/W2998704965","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6666901748","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6683557909","https://openalex.org/W6694285691","https://openalex.org/W6713651113","https://openalex.org/W6719819555","https://openalex.org/W6734342976","https://openalex.org/W6734395995","https://openalex.org/W6735020992","https://openalex.org/W6735031333","https://openalex.org/W6741682314","https://openalex.org/W6743384090","https://openalex.org/W6749867702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093885745","https://openalex.org/W2351266481","https://openalex.org/W2132547887","https://openalex.org/W2071459461","https://openalex.org/W2516987005","https://openalex.org/W2907786475","https://openalex.org/W2963447120","https://openalex.org/W4289082820","https://openalex.org/W2092152400","https://openalex.org/W2963196945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,34,87,161],"efficient":[2],"measurements":[3],"for":[4,55],"evaluating":[5],"the":[6,36,56,69,73,84,90,100,113,151,158],"similarity":[7,60],"between":[8],"mathematical":[9,16,59,103],"formulae":[10,26],"play":[11],"an":[12,63],"important":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,27,136],"information":[17],"retrieval.":[18],"Most":[19],"previous":[20,132],"studies":[21],"have":[22],"focused":[23],"on":[24,99,122],"representing":[25],"different":[28],"types":[29],"to":[30,67,111],"catch":[31],"their":[32],"features":[33],"combining":[35],"traditional":[37,144],"structure":[38,66],"matching":[39],"algorithms.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"presents":[43],"a":[44,76,94,105],"new":[45],"unsupervised":[46],"model":[47,129],"called":[48],"N-ary":[49],"Tree-based":[50],"Formula":[51,125],"Embedding":[52],"Model":[53],"(NTFEM)":[54],"task":[57],"of":[58,102],"evaluation.":[61],"Using":[62],"n-ary":[64],"tree":[65],"represent":[68],"formula,":[70],"we":[71],"convert":[72],"formula":[74,91,133],"into":[75],"linear":[77],"sequence":[78],"that":[79],"can":[80,130],"be":[81],"viewed":[82],"as":[83],"input":[85],"sentence":[86],"then":[88],"embed":[89],"by":[92],"using":[93],"word":[95],"embedding":[96,117],"model.":[97],"Based":[98],"characteristics":[101],"formulae,":[104],"weighting":[106],"function":[107],"is":[108],"also":[109,155],"used":[110],"get":[112],"final":[114],"weighted":[115],"average":[116],"vector.":[118],"Through":[119],"some":[120],"experiments":[121],"NTCIR-12":[123],"Wikipedia":[124],"Browsing":[126],"Task,":[127],"our":[128],"outperform":[131],"search":[134],"engines":[135],"Bpref":[137],"prediction":[138],"metrics.":[139],"In":[140],"addition,":[141],"compared":[142],"with":[143],"tree-based":[145],"models,":[146],"NTFEM":[147],"not":[148],"only":[149],"improves":[150,162],"retrieval":[152],"effect,":[153],"but":[154],"greatly":[156],"reduces":[157],"training":[159,163],"time":[160],"efficiency.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}