{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111952782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283452","title":"Car-Following Safe Headway Strategy with Battery-Health Conscious: A Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Car-Following Safe Headway Strategy with Battery-Health Conscious: A Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111952782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283452","mag":"3111952782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108406387","display_name":"Jia Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052901606","display_name":"Jun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698547","display_name":"Yongjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7301-9501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760302","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-4887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114430003","display_name":"Pingping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3614-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033224111","display_name":"Yao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6241-8718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102222623","display_name":"Mengfei Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengfei Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changsha College for Preschool Education, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changsha College for Preschool Education, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010546586","display_name":"Zhiwu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108406387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52808616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2432","last_page":"2437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headway","display_name":"Headway","score":0.9068576097488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8337893486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6456077098846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6269457936286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5960384607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5847241878509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5524894595146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5069370865821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4507486820220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4463660418987274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-capacity","display_name":"Battery capacity","score":0.42281392216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-electric-vehicle","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","score":0.41707393527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3980403244495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1665758192539215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11768883466720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.08128213882446289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4383682","display_name":"Headway","level":2,"score":0.9068576097488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8337893486022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6456077098846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6269457936286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5960384607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5847241878509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5524894595146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5069370865821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4507486820220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4463660418987274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989104859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery capacity","level":4,"score":0.42281392216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076882","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","level":4,"score":0.41707393527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3980403244495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1665758192539215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11768883466720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.08128213882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592568942","https://openalex.org/W2013323723","https://openalex.org/W2053924531","https://openalex.org/W2065788296","https://openalex.org/W2066449147","https://openalex.org/W2081927768","https://openalex.org/W2085194340","https://openalex.org/W2105003586","https://openalex.org/W2129660761","https://openalex.org/W2145952809","https://openalex.org/W2165726932","https://openalex.org/W2596696538","https://openalex.org/W2608448232","https://openalex.org/W2742454413","https://openalex.org/W2753412571","https://openalex.org/W2793780249","https://openalex.org/W2809404773","https://openalex.org/W2946730225","https://openalex.org/W2949081101","https://openalex.org/W2981586708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109769812","https://openalex.org/W2164776125","https://openalex.org/W2953137217","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2136582587","https://openalex.org/W2137409234","https://openalex.org/W2162365590","https://openalex.org/W4308532824","https://openalex.org/W2063991943","https://openalex.org/W2901375575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,59],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,17,54],"optimal":[4,97],"car-following":[5,31,98,125,155],"strategy":[6,99,114,156],"for":[7,95],"pure":[8],"electric":[9,65],"vehicles":[10],"(EVs)":[11],"with":[12],"the":[13,21,40,46,49,58,61,64,80,85,96,120,153,162,166],"aim":[14],"of":[15,20,39,48,63,69,75,104],"keeping":[16],"expected":[18,55,163],"headway":[19,164],"leader":[22],"and":[23,52,112,169],"reducing":[24],"vehicle":[25,42,122],"battery":[26,70,86,144,171],"loss.":[27,145,172],"In":[28],"particular,":[29],"a":[30,73],"system":[32,101,105],"model":[33],"is":[34,43,77,93,129,137,148],"established.":[35],"The":[36,67,90],"primary":[37],"task":[38],"automatic":[41],"to":[44,79,115,118,123,142],"follow":[45],"trajectory":[47],"preceding":[50,167],"car":[51],"maintain":[53,161],"headway.":[56],"Then,":[57],"analyzes":[60],"powertrain":[62],"vehicle.":[66],"loss":[68],"life":[71,87],"over":[72],"period":[74],"time":[76],"proportional":[78],"acceleration,":[81],"so":[82],"it":[83,147],"takes":[84],"into":[88,139],"consideration.":[89],"Q-learning":[91],"algorithm":[92],"conducted":[94],"using":[100],"data":[102],"instead":[103],"dynamics":[106],"information.":[107],"It":[108],"utilizes":[109],"reward":[110,140],"function":[111,141],"greedy":[113],"select":[116],"actions":[117],"train":[119],"following":[121],"achieve":[124],"safety.":[126],"When":[127],"there":[128],"no":[130],"collision":[131],"in":[132],"these":[133],"two":[134],"cars,":[135],"acceleration":[136],"considered":[138],"reduce":[143,170],"Finally,":[146],"verified":[149],"by":[150],"simulation":[151],"that":[152],"proposed":[154],"can":[157],"keep":[158],"good":[159],"tracking,":[160],"from":[165],"vehicle,":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}