{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111176240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283294","title":"Age-Layered Strategies for Many-Objective Optimization","display_name":"Age-Layered Strategies for Many-Objective Optimization","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111176240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283294","mag":"3111176240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087761501","display_name":"Arpi Sen Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","display_name":"Brock University","ror":"https://ror.org/056am2717","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arpi Sen Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102915200","display_name":"Brian J. Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-4775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","display_name":"Brock University","ror":"https://ror.org/056am2717","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian J. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20041309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"216","issue":null,"first_page":"1544","last_page":"1551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.7402775883674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6981076002120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.606684148311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5376253128051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5245899558067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5110734701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.5063148736953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5050626397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.47164028882980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43108779191970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.42359960079193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3627086281776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15439006686210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12921571731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07100579142570496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.7402775883674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6981076002120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.606684148311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5376253128051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5245899558067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5110734701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.5063148736953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5050626397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.47164028882980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43108779191970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42359960079193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3627086281776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15439006686210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12921571731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07100579142570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27400960","https://openalex.org/W225560312","https://openalex.org/W1506237426","https://openalex.org/W1545005363","https://openalex.org/W1553373771","https://openalex.org/W1559923427","https://openalex.org/W1585939719","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1600052191","https://openalex.org/W1809875586","https://openalex.org/W1846834309","https://openalex.org/W1995861141","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2097055892","https://openalex.org/W2114934447","https://openalex.org/W2116858902","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2139196352","https://openalex.org/W2147120117","https://openalex.org/W2148933727","https://openalex.org/W2526340428","https://openalex.org/W2562012591","https://openalex.org/W2586059435","https://openalex.org/W2589755008","https://openalex.org/W2626804954","https://openalex.org/W2765490444","https://openalex.org/W2787686159","https://openalex.org/W2792671280","https://openalex.org/W2941281702","https://openalex.org/W2996288430","https://openalex.org/W6633702045","https://openalex.org/W6635097213","https://openalex.org/W6674465471","https://openalex.org/W6745667001","https://openalex.org/W6772242169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3103941293","https://openalex.org/W3045073176","https://openalex.org/W1994686097","https://openalex.org/W2090178682","https://openalex.org/W2001591765","https://openalex.org/W4241467429","https://openalex.org/W2906115061","https://openalex.org/W2977596624","https://openalex.org/W2073147994","https://openalex.org/W2145877535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many-objective":[0],"optimization":[1],"problems":[2,6,100],"(MaOPs)":[3],"are":[4,132,151],"multi-objective":[5],"that":[7,101,148,182],"have":[8],"four":[9],"or":[10],"more":[11,94,177],"objectives.":[12],"MaOPs":[13],"face":[14],"significant":[15],"challenges":[16],"because":[17],"of":[18,32,45,78,89,105],"search":[19],"inefficiency,":[20],"computational":[21],"cost,":[22],"decision":[23],"making,":[24],"and":[25,74,112,122,128,156],"visualization.":[26],"Most":[27],"MaOP":[28],"systems":[29],"use":[30,60,82],"variants":[31],"non-dominated":[33],"sorting":[34],"(Pareto":[35],"ranking).":[36],"However,":[37],"Pareto":[38,79,97],"dominance":[39,98],"is":[40,93,189],"ineffective":[41],"when":[42],"the":[43,83,160,169,183],"number":[44],"objectives":[46,106],"exceeds":[47],"four.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"research,":[51],"we":[52,81,139],"explore":[53],"different":[54,114,149,154],"strategies":[55,150],"for":[56,99,118,153,193],"solving":[57],"MaOPs.":[58,194],"We":[59,110],"Hornby's":[61],"Age-Layered":[62],"Population":[63],"Structure":[64],"(ALPS)":[65],"evolutionary":[66],"algorithm":[67],"in":[68],"order":[69],"to":[70,107,136],"mitigate":[71],"premature":[72],"convergence":[73],"improve":[75],"results.":[76],"Instead":[77],"ranking,":[80],"many-objective":[84],"evaluation":[85],"strategy":[86],"called":[87],"sum":[88],"ranks":[90],"(SR).":[91],"SR":[92,137],"appropriate":[95],"than":[96],"require":[102],"a":[103,141,190],"majority":[104],"be":[108],"optimized.":[109],"introduce":[111,140],"compare":[113],"objective":[115,124,166,187],"reduction":[116,167,175,188],"methods":[117],"ALPS,":[119],"including":[120],"random":[121],"correlated":[123,174],"reduction.":[125],"Because":[126],"hypervolume":[127],"IGD":[129],"performance":[130,161],"measurements":[131],"not":[133],"necessarily":[134],"suitable":[135,152],"strategies,":[138],"new":[142],"minimum":[143],"distance":[144],"measurement.":[145],"Results":[146],"show":[147],"problems,":[155],"depend":[157],"strongly":[158],"on":[159],"measure":[162],"being":[163],"used.":[164],"Random":[165],"was":[168,176],"least":[170],"effective":[171],"strategy,":[172],"while":[173],"successful.":[178],"The":[179],"research":[180],"shows":[181],"ALPS":[184],"framework":[185,192],"with":[186],"promising":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}