{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111803106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283218","title":"A Novel Deep Learning Method for Nuclear Cataract Classification Based on Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Images","display_name":"A Novel Deep Learning Method for Nuclear Cataract Classification Based on Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111803106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283218","mag":"3111803106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434637","display_name":"Xiaoqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-7121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053757566","display_name":"Zunjie Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-9825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zunjie Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086896418","display_name":"Risa Higashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-2841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096693","display_name":"Tomey (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c06mw10","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096693"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risa Higashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tomey Corporation, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tomey Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100960214","display_name":"Wan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-6287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603551","display_name":"Jin Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-5414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015704749","display_name":"Jiansheng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-7074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansheng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057374436","display_name":"Yan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-3096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325209","display_name":"Jiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-6505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China","Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165339","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"662","last_page":"668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11480","display_name":"Connexins and lens biology","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.8413838744163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.706562876701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7038190960884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6451816558837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4489877223968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4399503469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43606874346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43434157967567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3753916025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.25621306896209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.17679527401924133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.8413838744163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.706562876701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7038190960884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6451816558837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4489877223968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4399503469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43606874346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43434157967567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3753916025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25621306896209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.17679527401924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.nimte.ac.cn/:174433/23264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.nimte.ac.cn/handle/174433/23264","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195334049","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1897657709","https://openalex.org/W2040007941","https://openalex.org/W2057203552","https://openalex.org/W2098910604","https://openalex.org/W2108233815","https://openalex.org/W2129638913","https://openalex.org/W2131349143","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2527042570","https://openalex.org/W2735582614","https://openalex.org/W2883107946","https://openalex.org/W2896979444","https://openalex.org/W2919899374","https://openalex.org/W2941162019","https://openalex.org/W2950348158","https://openalex.org/W2954850454","https://openalex.org/W2958184188","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W4211229175","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6660846596","https://openalex.org/W6674961688","https://openalex.org/W6760212179","https://openalex.org/W6765382228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2323668004","https://openalex.org/W2348498086","https://openalex.org/W3093461874","https://openalex.org/W2063232638","https://openalex.org/W1000914229","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4308993413","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nuclear":[0],"cataract":[1,35,58,85,151],"is":[2,124],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,126],"the":[5,12,37,92,106,113,137,141,145],"most":[6],"common":[7],"types":[8],"cataract.":[10,31],"In":[11,91],"recent,":[13],"ophthalmologists":[14],"are":[15,134],"increasingly":[16],"using":[17,53],"anterior":[18],"segment":[19],"optical":[20],"coherence":[21],"tomography":[22],"(AS-OCT)":[23],"images":[24,43,55],"to":[25,56,99],"diagnose":[26],"many":[27],"ocular":[28],"diseases":[29],"including":[30],"The":[32],"relationship":[33],"between":[34],"and":[36,120,129],"lens":[38],"opacity":[39],"based":[40,60,87,104],"on":[41,61,88,105,136],"AS-OCT":[42,54,89,138],"has":[44,66],"been":[45,68],"being":[46],"studied":[47],"in":[48],"clinical":[49],"pioneer":[50],"research.":[51],"However,":[52],"classify":[57],"automatically":[59],"computer-aided":[62],"diagnosis":[63],"(CAD)":[64],"technique":[65],"not":[67],"seriously":[69],"studied.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"proposes":[73],"a":[74,96,118],"novel":[75],"Convolutional":[76],"Neural":[77],"Network":[78],"(CNN)":[79],"model":[80],"named":[81],"GraNet":[82],"for":[83],"nuclear":[84,150],"classification":[86,114,152],"images.":[90],"GraNet,":[93],"we":[94,116],"introduce":[95],"grading":[97],"block":[98],"learn":[100],"high-level":[101],"feature":[102],"representations":[103],"pointwise":[107],"convolution":[108],"method.":[109],"To":[110],"further":[111],"improve":[112],"performance,":[115],"propose":[117],"simple":[119],"efficient":[121],"cross-training":[122],"method":[123],"comprised":[125],"focal":[127],"loss":[128],"cross-entropy":[130],"loss.":[131],"Extensive":[132],"experiments":[133],"conducted":[135],"image":[139],"dataset,":[140],"results":[142,153],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144],"proposed":[146],"methods":[147],"achieve":[148],"better":[149],"than":[154],"baselines.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}