{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112680002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283173","title":"Deception In The Game of Guarding Multiple Territories: A Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Deception In The Game of Guarding Multiple Territories: A Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112680002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283173","mag":"3112680002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058255808","display_name":"Amirhossein Asgharnia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0240-7560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Asgharnia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018347314","display_name":"Howard M. Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-5892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard M. Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032459344","display_name":"Mohamed Atia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-7019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Atia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77154455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"381","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8547862768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.8365104794502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6642013192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimax","display_name":"Minimax","score":0.5868269205093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5555317401885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.5081233978271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5028650164604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4594460725784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3471648395061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14804428815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.1438722312450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1286928355693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12122485041618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1108664870262146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8547862768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.8365104794502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6642013192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149728462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751319","display_name":"Minimax","level":2,"score":0.5868269205093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5555317401885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.5081233978271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5028650164604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4594460725784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3471648395061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14804428815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.1438722312450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1286928355693817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12122485041618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1108664870262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W568318363","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1581842928","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W1972770177","https://openalex.org/W1979239334","https://openalex.org/W2006823333","https://openalex.org/W2077375749","https://openalex.org/W2081505745","https://openalex.org/W2109314151","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2140064848","https://openalex.org/W2296970238","https://openalex.org/W2320794073","https://openalex.org/W2476275724","https://openalex.org/W2552186722","https://openalex.org/W2901296176","https://openalex.org/W2963978778","https://openalex.org/W3008924647","https://openalex.org/W3124981562","https://openalex.org/W4233776596","https://openalex.org/W6636868823","https://openalex.org/W6645151609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2166117066","https://openalex.org/W4376605461","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2136202932","https://openalex.org/W3087814763","https://openalex.org/W2892507673","https://openalex.org/W2361647908","https://openalex.org/W2937181779","https://openalex.org/W2537866915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,76,96],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,8,11,20,93,145],"deceptive":[4],"version":[5],"of":[6,152,171],"guarding":[7],"territory":[9,104],"in":[10,110],"grid":[12],"world":[13],"is":[14,70,124,149],"proposed.":[15],"Like":[16],"the":[17,30,33,38,52,55,60,77,80,83,97,100,114,128,132,137,142,162],"original":[18],"version,":[19],"defender":[21,39,56,84],"tries":[22,57],"to":[23,58,89,108,112],"intercept":[24],"an":[25],"invader":[26,35,61,81,101,163],"before":[27],"it":[28,46,105],"invades":[29],"targets.":[31],"However,":[32],"discerning":[34],"can":[36,47,164],"deceive":[37],"about":[40],"its":[41,49,64,166],"real":[42],"goal":[43],"so":[44],"that":[45,161],"improve":[48,165],"performance.":[50],"On":[51],"other":[53],"hand,":[54],"confront":[59],"by":[62,168],"guessing":[63],"true":[65],"goal.":[66],"A":[67,118],"two-level":[68],"policy":[69,144],"obtained":[71],"via":[72,131],"reinforcement":[73,120],"learning":[74,121],"(RL).":[75],"lower":[78,138],"level,":[79,99],"and":[82],"learn":[85],"their":[86],"optimal":[87,129],"policies":[88,130],"invade":[90,109],"or":[91],"defend":[92],"particular":[94],"territory.":[95],"higher":[98],"learns":[102],"which":[103],"should":[106],"pretend":[107],"order":[111],"manipulate":[113],"defender's":[115],"belief":[116],"function.":[117],"multiagent":[119],"(MARL)":[122],"algorithm":[123,135,148],"implemented":[125],"for":[126,141],"obtaining":[127],"minimax":[133],"Q-learning":[134,147],"at":[136],"level.":[139],"Whereas":[140],"higher-level":[143],"single-agent":[146],"utilized.":[150],"Results":[151],"different":[153],"reward":[154],"functions":[155],"are":[156],"compared.":[157],"The":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"performance":[167],"taking":[169],"advantage":[170],"deception.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}