{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111805057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283057","title":"A Real-time Ultrasound Simulator Using Monte-Carlo Path Tracing in Conjunction with Optix Engine","display_name":"A Real-time Ultrasound Simulator Using Monte-Carlo Path Tracing in Conjunction with Optix Engine","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111805057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283057","mag":"3111805057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366974","display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-0463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046870919","display_name":"Bo Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8133-3883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087474481","display_name":"Ziyuan Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyuan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101409288","display_name":"Xing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-0854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011937138","display_name":"Jingfeng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-6246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfeng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6584767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3661","last_page":"3666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.7345277070999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7117935419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6952455043792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.5363254547119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.46921005845069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3661985397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.35684317350387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12083566188812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09125134348869324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.7345277070999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7117935419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6952455043792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5363254547119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.46921005845069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3661985397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.35684317350387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12083566188812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09125134348869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p-33862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/14560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551420942","https://openalex.org/W1964163274","https://openalex.org/W1967498075","https://openalex.org/W2018188982","https://openalex.org/W2041312026","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2067041638","https://openalex.org/W2078278782","https://openalex.org/W2104715724","https://openalex.org/W2116873733","https://openalex.org/W2119141822","https://openalex.org/W2127119044","https://openalex.org/W2132946264","https://openalex.org/W2166343165","https://openalex.org/W2171857449","https://openalex.org/W2403301791","https://openalex.org/W2518378084","https://openalex.org/W2578605144","https://openalex.org/W2584391952","https://openalex.org/W2737861305","https://openalex.org/W2741044148","https://openalex.org/W2895794766","https://openalex.org/W2898366447","https://openalex.org/W2946228389","https://openalex.org/W2963093980","https://openalex.org/W2970091354","https://openalex.org/W2975188994","https://openalex.org/W3004319130","https://openalex.org/W3098507578","https://openalex.org/W4251841159","https://openalex.org/W6713542552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054109135","https://openalex.org/W2888673113","https://openalex.org/W2012819262","https://openalex.org/W2212288070","https://openalex.org/W2056065966","https://openalex.org/W2120224698","https://openalex.org/W2352602608","https://openalex.org/W2062641654","https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2349351862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monte-Carlo":[0,30,101],"ray":[1,31,62],"tracing,":[2],"which":[3,52],"enables":[4],"realistic":[5],"simulation":[6,72],"of":[7,44,83,144],"ultrasound-tissue":[8],"interactions":[9],"such":[10,159],"as":[11,160],"soft":[12],"shadows":[13],"and":[14,57,113,153,162],"fuzzy":[15],"reflections,":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"used":[19],"to":[20,126,155],"simulate":[21],"ultrasound":[22,71,95,111,116,122,157],"images.":[23],"The":[24,120],"main":[25],"technical":[26],"challenge":[27],"presented":[28],"with":[29,104,148],"tracing":[32,63],"is":[33],"its":[34],"computational":[35],"efficiency.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"study,":[39],"we":[40,93],"investigated":[41],"the":[42,76,99,132],"use":[43],"a":[45,54,81,105,114,149],"commercially-available":[46],"ray-tracing":[47,102],"engine":[48,78],"(NVIDIA's":[49],"Optix":[50,77],"6.0),":[51],"provides":[53],"simple,":[55],"recursive,":[56],"flexible":[58],"pipeline":[59],"for":[60],"accelerating":[61],"algorithms.":[64],"Our":[65,139],"preliminary":[66],"results":[67],"show":[68],"that":[69],"our":[70,145],"algorithm":[73,103],"accelerated":[74],"by":[75],"can":[79],"achieve":[80],"frame":[82],"25":[84],"frames/second":[85],"using":[86],"an":[87],"Nvidia":[88],"RTX":[89],"2060":[90],"card.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"compare":[94],"simulations":[96],"built":[97],"on":[98],"proposed":[100,121,146],"deep-learning":[106],"generative":[107],"adversarial":[108],"network":[109],"(GANs)-based":[110],"simulator":[112,117,123,147],"physics-based":[115],"(Field":[118],"II).":[119],"was":[124],"able":[125],"better":[127],"visualize":[128],"small-sized":[129],"structures":[130],"while":[131],"other":[133,156],"two":[134],"above-mentioned":[135],"simulators":[136],"could":[137],"not.":[138],"future":[140],"work":[141],"includes":[142],"integration":[143],"virtual":[150],"reality":[151],"platform":[152],"expansion":[154],"modalities":[158],"elastography":[161],"flow":[163],"imaging.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}