{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106688601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283054","title":"Camouflage Generative Adversarial Network: Coverless Full-image-to-image Hiding","display_name":"Camouflage Generative Adversarial Network: Coverless Full-image-to-image Hiding","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106688601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283054","mag":"3106688601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Camouflage_generative_adversarial_network_Coverless_full-image-to-image_hiding/13387352","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070770063","display_name":"Xiyao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-659X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091104090","display_name":"Ziping Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziping Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018110180","display_name":"Xingbei Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingbei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112584402","display_name":"Jialu Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialu Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105462955","display_name":"Gerald Schaefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-7674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722746","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-8419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, textitCentral South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, textitCentral South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006246286","display_name":"Victoria Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-9707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046565976","display_name":"Hui Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-7420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"166","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7752402424812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.6809846758842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.6680331230163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6654734015464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.5807923674583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5807461142539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5607485771179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.543594241142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48214074969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.46281397342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.4462152123451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4421215355396271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.43653643131256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.43605631589889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-detection","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","score":0.4107641279697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.35309574007987976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7752402424812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.6809846758842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.6680331230163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6654734015464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.5807923674583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5807461142539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5607485771179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.543594241142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48214074969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46281397342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.4462152123451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4421215355396271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.43653643131256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.43605631589889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.4107641279697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.35309574007987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283054","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/13387352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Camouflage_generative_adversarial_network_Coverless_full-image-to-image_hiding/13387352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchportal.port.ac.uk:publications/45187faf-d954-4361-97b4-4b1c150916a3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/camouflage-generative-adversarial-network-a-coverless-fullimagetoimage-hiding(45187faf-d954-4361-97b4-4b1c150916a3).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401774","display_name":"Portsmouth Research Portal (University of Portsmouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","host_organization_name":"University of Portsmouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/13387352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Camouflage_generative_adversarial_network_Coverless_full-image-to-image_hiding/13387352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189587150","https://openalex.org/W1482218439","https://openalex.org/W1945046319","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W2003598222","https://openalex.org/W2028197392","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2123170991","https://openalex.org/W2158320630","https://openalex.org/W2170598445","https://openalex.org/W2542290803","https://openalex.org/W2771036112","https://openalex.org/W2808467956","https://openalex.org/W2860433205","https://openalex.org/W2892212215","https://openalex.org/W2892881493","https://openalex.org/W2900501183","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963001579","https://openalex.org/W2963360258","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W3100675441","https://openalex.org/W4253000688","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6640731111","https://openalex.org/W6746523225","https://openalex.org/W6755090201","https://openalex.org/W6755773381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978048274","https://openalex.org/W3203504906","https://openalex.org/W2497446005","https://openalex.org/W2171676767","https://openalex.org/W4312890355","https://openalex.org/W83713408","https://openalex.org/W4293373802","https://openalex.org/W4318577714","https://openalex.org/W1716757876","https://openalex.org/W4285356283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"hiding,":[1],"one":[2],"of":[3,71,81,137],"the":[4,33,69,74,78,123],"most":[5],"important":[6],"data":[7],"hiding":[8,26,99,110,125,132,149],"techniques,":[9],"is":[10],"widely":[11],"used":[12],"to":[13,31,40,67,102,115],"enhance":[14],"cybersecurity":[15],"when":[16],"transmitting":[17],"multimedia":[18],"data.":[19],"In":[20,84],"recent":[21],"years,":[22],"deep":[23],"learning-based":[24],"image":[25,50,76,113,121,124,131],"algorithms":[27,150],"have":[28],"been":[29],"designed":[30],"improve":[32],"embedding":[34],"capacity":[35],"whilst":[36],"maintaining":[37],"sufficient":[38],"imperceptibility":[39,133],"malicious":[41],"eavesdroppers.":[42],"These":[43],"methods":[44,61],"can":[45],"hide":[46],"a":[47,52,64,94,109,118],"full-size":[48],"secret":[49,82,138],"into":[51],"cover":[53,120],"image,":[54],"thus":[55,128],"allowing":[56],"full-image-to-image":[57,98,148],"hiding.":[58],"However,":[59],"these":[60],"suffer":[62],"from":[63,73],"trade-off":[65],"challenge":[66],"balance":[68],"possibility":[70],"detection":[72],"container":[75,126],"against":[77],"recovery":[79,135],"quality":[80,136],"image.":[83],"this":[85,104],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"Camouflage":[89],"Generative":[90],"Adversarial":[91],"Network":[92],"(Cam-GAN),":[93],"novel":[95],"two-stage":[96],"coverless":[97],"method":[100,107],"named,":[101],"tackle":[103],"problem.":[105],"Our":[106,140],"offers":[108],"solution":[111],"through":[112],"synthesis":[114],"avoid":[116],"using":[117],"modified":[119],"as":[122],"and":[127,134],"enhancing":[129],"both":[130,152],"images.":[139],"experimental":[141],"results":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144],"Cam-GAN":[145],"outperforms":[146],"state-of-the-art":[147],"on":[151],"aspects.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
