{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112740794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282881","title":"Foreign Objects Intrusion Detection Using Millimeter Wave Radar on Railway Crossings","display_name":"Foreign Objects Intrusion Detection Using Millimeter Wave Radar on Railway Crossings","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112740794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282881","mag":"3112740794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102620292","display_name":"Huiling Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huiling Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325798","display_name":"Fei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030419430","display_name":"Dianzhu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-8166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianzhu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110916830","display_name":"Yingze Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingze Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386630","display_name":"Shuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-3230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809497","display_name":"Kai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060961105","display_name":"Aina Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aina Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007523615","display_name":"Chao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-2900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Date Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Date Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038918043","display_name":"Zhiwu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-079X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102620292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88601771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2776","last_page":"2781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.725296676158905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6918796896934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6519339084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6402637958526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5197022557258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5093363523483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5020992755889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.48854121565818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4203435182571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-portable-radar","display_name":"Man-portable radar","score":0.4171850085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3806498944759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35931873321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.3521173596382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.238773375749588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.180184006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.1059623658657074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.725296676158905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6918796896934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6519339084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6402637958526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5197022557258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5093363523483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5020992755889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48854121565818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4203435182571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.4171850085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3806498944759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35931873321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.3521173596382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.238773375749588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.180184006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.1059623658657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998004899","https://openalex.org/W2011340308","https://openalex.org/W2047629720","https://openalex.org/W2050982928","https://openalex.org/W2088351738","https://openalex.org/W2278234102","https://openalex.org/W2283805263","https://openalex.org/W2326558644","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2625815504","https://openalex.org/W2763205350","https://openalex.org/W2890018988","https://openalex.org/W2906551905","https://openalex.org/W2974226806","https://openalex.org/W2979856235","https://openalex.org/W3008308650","https://openalex.org/W3098936769","https://openalex.org/W6757423163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164481644","https://openalex.org/W3041939356","https://openalex.org/W3208317860","https://openalex.org/W2069451901","https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W2904197056","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W2759710661","https://openalex.org/W4210638523","https://openalex.org/W604796468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"safety":[1],"of":[2,6,62,93,147,155],"railway":[3,32,63],"crossings":[4,33,64,154],"are":[5],"great":[7],"important":[8],"for":[9],"rail":[10],"and":[11,52,95,126,135],"road":[12],"transportation,":[13],"because":[14],"serious":[15],"accidents":[16],"occur":[17],"in":[18,34,103,152],"this":[19],"area.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"it":[22,48,100],"is":[23,43,65],"necessary":[24],"to":[25,36,67,131],"carry":[26],"out":[27],"foreign":[28,75],"objects":[29,76,123],"detection":[30,77,88,145],"on":[31,80],"order":[35],"improve":[37],"the":[38,56,60,70,91,119,133,137,144,148],"safety.":[39],"Traditionally,":[40],"video":[41],"surveillance":[42],"one":[44],"such":[45],"solution,":[46],"but":[47],"suffer":[49],"from":[50,122,139],"weather":[51,94],"illumination":[53],"conditions.":[54],"Under":[55],"hard":[57],"environment":[58],"conditions,":[59],"image":[61],"failed":[66],"capture":[68],"by":[69],"camera.":[71],"We":[72,142],"propose":[73],"a":[74,86,112],"system":[78],"based":[79],"millimeter":[81,113,149],"wave":[82,114,150],"radar":[83,151],"which":[84],"has":[85],"higher":[87],"accuracy,":[89],"without":[90],"limitation":[92],"light.":[96],"Unlike":[97],"vision-based":[98],"approach,":[99],"can":[101],"operate":[102],"darkness,":[104],"high":[105],"or":[106,124],"low":[107],"light":[108],"intensity":[109],"environment.":[110],"With":[111],"radar,":[115],"we":[116],"first":[117],"obtain":[118],"reflected":[120],"signal":[121,128],"ground":[125],"perform":[127],"processing":[129],"algorithm":[130],"extract":[132],"targets":[134],"suppress":[136],"clutter":[138],"received":[140],"signal.":[141],"evaluate":[143],"capabilities":[146],"level":[153],"railway.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
