{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772486616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122968","title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the motor-imagery brain-computer interface for stroke recovery: An EEG source-space study","display_name":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the motor-imagery brain-computer interface for stroke recovery: An EEG source-space study","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772486616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122968","mag":"2772486616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2017.8122968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054710110","display_name":"Vikram Shenoy Handiru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-5107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vikram Shenoy Handiru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042105714","display_name":"A. P. Vinod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. P. Vinod","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320376","display_name":"Kai Keng Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Kai Keng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A\u00d7STAR), Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A\u00d7STAR), Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033217192","display_name":"Effie Chew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Effie Chew","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University Health System, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University Health System, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031778999","display_name":"Cuntai Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuntai Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054710110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49030872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"2322","last_page":"2327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8735846281051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8127777576446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","score":0.7839691042900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.6245042085647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.5924918055534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.5631548166275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5210294723510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.42650049924850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.38033294677734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.32080012559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.23222410678863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07039374113082886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8735846281051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8127777576446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.7839691042900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.6245042085647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.5924918055534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.5631548166275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5210294723510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42650049924850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38033294677734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.32080012559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.23222410678863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07039374113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2017.8122968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-106526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-106526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-106526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=&rft.volume=2017&rft.issue=&rft.date=2017&rft.spage=2322&rft.aulast=Handiru&rft.aufirst=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+on+the+motor-imagery+brain-computer+interface+for+stroke+recovery%3A+An+EEG+source-space+study&rft.title=2017+IEEE+International+Conference+on+Systems%2C+Man%2C+and+Cybernetics%2C+SMC+2017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334744","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W245658","https://openalex.org/W1865262242","https://openalex.org/W1871047159","https://openalex.org/W1971140534","https://openalex.org/W1981369638","https://openalex.org/W1994321338","https://openalex.org/W1995801572","https://openalex.org/W2034092771","https://openalex.org/W2043952966","https://openalex.org/W2062125287","https://openalex.org/W2062785049","https://openalex.org/W2100970834","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2127786259","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2142280324","https://openalex.org/W2145309136","https://openalex.org/W2154872931","https://openalex.org/W2197305034","https://openalex.org/W2242600655","https://openalex.org/W2356455614","https://openalex.org/W2430114684","https://openalex.org/W2532979208","https://openalex.org/W2587325355","https://openalex.org/W2615297171","https://openalex.org/W6679555981","https://openalex.org/W6682644385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2047816336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"noninvasive":[1],"brain":[2],"stimulation":[3,22],"is":[4,65,124,151,165],"gaining":[5],"significant":[6,126],"attention":[7],"in":[8,67,100,153,186],"stroke":[9,32,52,101,149,212],"rehabilitation.":[10,213],"In":[11,194],"this":[12,35,68],"paper,":[13],"we":[14,37],"investigate":[15],"the":[16,25,39,80,83,105,110,143,148,162,187,204,208],"effects":[17],"of":[18,31,50,95,121,145,183,207],"transcranial":[19],"direct":[20],"current":[21],"(tDCS)":[23],"on":[24,147],"motor-imagery":[26],"brain-computer":[27],"interface":[28],"(MI-BCI)":[29],"performance":[30,210],"patients.":[33],"To":[34],"end,":[36],"processed":[38],"EEG":[40,115],"data":[41],"collected":[42],"from":[43,79,108],"a":[44,179,199],"randomized":[45],"control":[46],"trial":[47],"(RCT)":[48],"study":[49,69,197],"19":[51],"patients":[53,102],"grouped":[54],"into":[55],"tDCS":[56,146,188],"and":[57,82,112,157],"sham.":[58,193],"An":[59],"ensemble":[60],"method":[61],"for":[62,211],"feature":[63],"extraction":[64],"proposed":[66],"that":[70,104,142],"combines":[71],"shrinkage":[72],"regularized":[73],"Common":[74],"Spatial":[75],"Pattern":[76],"(CSP)":[77],"features":[78,107],"sensor-space":[81,136],"cortical":[84],"source-space":[85],"Electroencephalography":[86],"(EEG)":[87],"across":[88],"ten":[89],"rehabilitation":[90],"sessions.":[91],"The":[92,173],"classification":[93],"results":[94,177],"MI":[96],"vs.":[97],"Idle":[98],"state":[99],"show":[103],"concatenated":[106],"both":[109],"sensor-":[111],"source":[113,134],"space":[114],"provided":[116],"an":[117],"average":[118],"cross-validation":[119],"accuracy":[120],"64.5%":[122],"which":[123],"statistically":[125],"(p":[127],"<;":[128],"0.001)":[129],"compared":[130,169,191],"to":[131,170,192,202],"either":[132],"using":[133],"or":[135],"features.":[137],"Further,":[138],"our":[139,196],"findings":[140],"suggest":[141],"effect":[144],"recovery":[150],"pronounced":[152],"subjects":[154],"whose":[155],"delta":[156],"alpha":[158],"band":[159],"power":[160],"during":[161],"post-tDCS":[163],"intervention":[164],"significantly":[166,180],"higher":[167,181],"as":[168,190],"before":[171],"intervention.":[172],"group-averaged":[174],"sLORETA":[175],"activation":[176],"showed":[178],"number":[182],"dipoles":[184],"activated":[185],"group":[189],"summary,":[195],"paves":[198],"new":[200],"way":[201],"analyze":[203],"neural":[205],"correlates":[206],"MI-BCI":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
