{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2773412982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122743","title":"A multi-scale fusion convolutional neural network for face detection","display_name":"A multi-scale fusion convolutional neural network for face detection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2773412982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122743","mag":"2773412982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2017.8122743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072153328","display_name":"Qiaosong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4763-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaosong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052299883","display_name":"Xiaomin Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-2390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002423609","display_name":"Li Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-3103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023599556","display_name":"Xingyu Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-3975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650156","display_name":"Xin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-4990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346114","display_name":"Jin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5993-6063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, PR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072153328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7662016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1013","last_page":"1018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8418979048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.798089325428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7725365161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6487378478050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6378883719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6276031136512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.607890248298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.6031554937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5568957328796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5499368906021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5427494645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5300851464271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4612419009208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.44647279381752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4191693365573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39615827798843384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8418979048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.798089325428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7725365161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6487378478050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6378883719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6276031136512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.607890248298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.6031554937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5568957328796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5499368906021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5427494645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5300851464271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4612419009208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.44647279381752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4191693365573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39615827798843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2017.8122743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W1970456555","https://openalex.org/W2012885984","https://openalex.org/W2036989445","https://openalex.org/W2041497292","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2053210832","https://openalex.org/W2056025798","https://openalex.org/W2100807570","https://openalex.org/W2129987527","https://openalex.org/W2144172034","https://openalex.org/W2148461049","https://openalex.org/W2153461700","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2209882149","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W6607458078","https://openalex.org/W6662335928","https://openalex.org/W6681239517","https://openalex.org/W6681813608","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3019910406","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W2985118265","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4285815683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"more":[1,3],"and":[2,27,76,127],"methods":[4,146,175],"have":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7,62,163],"to":[8,20,63],"solve":[9],"the":[10,21,30,65,81,91,98,115,123,128,134,139,148,162,168,173],"problem":[11,31],"of":[12,32,93,100,117,125,141,147,170],"face":[13,34,47,66,179],"detection":[14,35,180],"based":[15,79],"on":[16,46,80],"computer":[17],"implementation.":[18],"Due":[19],"variations":[22],"in":[23,90,122,176],"background,":[24],"illumination,":[25],"pose":[26],"facial":[28],"expressions,":[29],"machine":[33],"is":[36,61,70,78,131],"complex.":[37],"Recently,":[38],"deep":[39],"learning":[40,155],"approaches":[41],"achieve":[42,153],"an":[43],"impressive":[44],"performance":[45,169],"detection.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"a":[52],"model":[53,69,140,164],"named":[54],"Multi-Scale":[55],"Fusion":[56],"Convolutional":[57,73],"Neural":[58,74],"Network":[59,75],"(MSF-CNN)":[60],"train":[64],"detector.":[67],"The":[68,109],"trained":[71],"by":[72],"detecting":[77],"Viola":[82],"&":[83],"Jones":[84],"detector's":[85],"sliding":[86],"windows":[87],"structure.":[88],"Particularly,":[89],"process":[92],"feature":[94,102],"extraction,":[95],"we":[96,137,152],"adopt":[97],"design":[99],"multi-scale":[101,118],"fusion":[103,116],"with":[104,144,157],"different":[105],"scale":[106],"convolution":[107],"kernels.":[108],"results":[110,171],"are":[111,120],"as":[112],"follows:":[113],"First,":[114],"features":[119],"rich":[121],"characteristics":[124],"learning,":[126],"classification":[129],"accuracy":[130],"higher":[132],"than":[133],"single-scale.":[135],"Second,":[136],"decrease":[138],"complexity":[142],"compared":[143,156],"existed":[145],"cascaded":[149,158],"CNN.":[150],"Third,":[151],"end-to-end":[154],"separate":[159],"training.":[160],"Meanwhile,":[161],"has":[165],"showed":[166],"that":[167],"outperforms":[172],"previous":[174],"some":[177],"well-known":[178],"benchmark":[181],"datasets.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}