{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2744115775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122675","title":"Fully convolutional networks for diabetic foot ulcer segmentation","display_name":"Fully convolutional networks for diabetic foot ulcer segmentation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2744115775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122675","mag":"2744115775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2017.8122675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122675","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01928","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013477732","display_name":"Manu Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-1385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manu Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037771946","display_name":"Moi Hoon Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moi Hoon Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Healthcare Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Healthcare Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062012021","display_name":"Neil D. Reeves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9213-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293129422","display_name":"Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/02j7n9748","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293129422"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil D. Reeves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancashire Teaching Hospital, Preston, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancashire Teaching Hospital, Preston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293129422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078704818","display_name":"Satyan Rajbhandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3995-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145758","display_name":"Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03zefc030","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145758"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyan Rajbhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022225504","display_name":"Jennifer Spragg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Spragg","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013477732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96038708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"618","last_page":"623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10771","display_name":"Wound Healing and Treatments","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7111128568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-foot-ulcer","display_name":"Diabetic foot ulcer","score":0.7047131061553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-foot","display_name":"Diabetic foot","score":0.6115357875823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5464760065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amputation","display_name":"Amputation","score":0.5422332286834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5228571891784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48669129610061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4504481554031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.4424583911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.42288678884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","score":0.4129076600074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40738844871520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3418627083301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.21817120909690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07552015781402588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7111128568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778144972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52859","display_name":"Diabetic foot ulcer","level":4,"score":0.7047131061553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777858829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52856","display_name":"Diabetic foot","level":3,"score":0.6115357875823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5464760065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776204877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477415","display_name":"Amputation","level":2,"score":0.5422332286834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5228571891784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48669129610061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4504481554031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4424583911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.42288678884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.4129076600074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40738844871520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3418627083301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.21817120909690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07552015781402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2017.8122675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122675","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:619151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/46bacf4b309f18e376847d445a4661e4.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:226554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.01928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01928","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2744115775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.01928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.01928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.01928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01928","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2744115775.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165446420","https://openalex.org/W1491944205","https://openalex.org/W1495743626","https://openalex.org/W1597321098","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1971266017","https://openalex.org/W1983922716","https://openalex.org/W1999682811","https://openalex.org/W2020267609","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2032581580","https://openalex.org/W2057561434","https://openalex.org/W2068359838","https://openalex.org/W2084025044","https://openalex.org/W2105511530","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2156494032","https://openalex.org/W2170466541","https://openalex.org/W2171356753","https://openalex.org/W2333888403","https://openalex.org/W2343338017","https://openalex.org/W2555943799","https://openalex.org/W2620219072","https://openalex.org/W2686368638","https://openalex.org/W2950094539","https://openalex.org/W6606799830","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6730186522","https://openalex.org/W7074245995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2555943799","https://openalex.org/W2964274014","https://openalex.org/W2293652202","https://openalex.org/W2890781352","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W3013988837","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W3042545012","https://openalex.org/W3028969052","https://openalex.org/W2967307920","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2897943478","https://openalex.org/W2744692634","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W3199316692","https://openalex.org/W3179838356","https://openalex.org/W2411909470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"Foot":[1],"Ulcer":[2],"(DFU)":[3],"is":[4,91],"a":[5,72,106,139,179],"major":[6],"complication":[7],"of":[8,67,74,83,101,143,161,168],"Diabetes,":[9],"which":[10,50,173],"if":[11],"not":[12],"managed":[13],"properly":[14],"can":[15,20,27,174],"lead":[16],"to":[17,41,97,113,120],"amputation.":[18],"DFU":[19,42,171],"appear":[21],"anywhere":[22],"on":[23,35,45],"the":[24,56,61,68,80,87,99,115,123,131,159,166],"foot":[25,76],"and":[26,32,47,64,86,125,155],"vary":[28],"in":[29,60,170],"size,":[30],"colour,":[31],"contrast":[33],"depending":[34],"various":[36],"pathologies.":[37],"Current":[38],"clinical":[39],"approaches":[40],"treatment":[43,63],"rely":[44],"patients":[46],"clinician":[48],"vigilance,":[49],"has":[51],"significant":[52],"limitations":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"high":[57],"cost":[58],"involved":[59],"diagnosis,":[62],"lengthy":[65],"care":[66],"DFU.":[69],"We":[70,78],"introduce":[71],"dataset":[73],"705":[75],"images.":[77],"provide":[79],"ground":[81],"truth":[82],"ulcer":[84,124,147],"region":[85],"surrounding":[88,126,152],"skin":[89,153],"that":[90],"an":[92],"important":[93],"indicator":[94],"for":[95,146,151,158],"clinicians":[96],"assess":[98],"progress":[100],"ulcer.":[102],"Then,":[103],"we":[104],"propose":[105],"two-tier":[107,133],"transfer":[108,134],"learning":[109,135],"from":[110],"bigger":[111],"datasets":[112],"train":[114],"Fully":[116],"Convolutional":[117],"Networks":[118],"(FCNs)":[119],"automatically":[121],"segment":[122],"skin.":[127],"Using":[128],"5fold":[129],"cross-validation,":[130],"proposed":[132],"FCN":[136],"Models":[137],"achieve":[138],"Dice":[140],"Similarity":[141],"Coefficient":[142],"0.794":[144],"(\u00b10.104)":[145],"region,":[148,154],"0.851":[149],"(\u00b10.148)":[150],"0.899":[156],"(\u00b10.072)":[157],"combination":[160],"both":[162],"regions.":[163],"This":[164],"demonstrates":[165],"potential":[167],"FCNs":[169],"segmentation,":[172],"be":[175],"further":[176],"improved":[177],"with":[178],"larger":[180],"dataset.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
