{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586226212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844517","title":"Modeling behavior of Computer Generated Forces with Machine Learning Techniques, the NATO Task Group approach","display_name":"Modeling behavior of Computer Generated Forces with Machine Learning Techniques, the NATO Task Group approach","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586226212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844517","mag":"2586226212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2016.7844517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844517","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024067043","display_name":"Armon Toubman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5609-1197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129324","display_name":"Netherlands Leprosy Relief","ror":"https://ror.org/03fzdex20","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Armon Toubman","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068352028","display_name":"Jan Joris Roessingh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129324","display_name":"Netherlands Leprosy Relief","ror":"https://ror.org/03fzdex20","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Joris Roessingh","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030383647","display_name":"Joost van Oijen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129324","display_name":"Netherlands Leprosy Relief","ror":"https://ror.org/03fzdex20","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost van Oijen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLR, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066415944","display_name":"Rikke Amilde L\u00f8vlid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090492","display_name":"Kjeller Innovasjon (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/000e19x32","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090492"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rikke Amilde Lovlid","raw_affiliation_strings":["FFI, Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FFI, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004513656","display_name":"Ming Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291458624","display_name":"Swedish Defence Research Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0470cgs30","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["FOI, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOI, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291458624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027257508","display_name":"Christophe Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-9598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053235150","display_name":"Linus J. Luotsinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090492","display_name":"Kjeller Innovasjon (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/000e19x32","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090492"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linus Luotsinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["FFI, Kjeller, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FFI, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028415690","display_name":"Rijken Roel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120156","display_name":"Laboratoire Albert Fert","ror":"https://ror.org/02erddr56","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210120156","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roel Rijken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027951552","display_name":"Jack Harris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094335","display_name":"Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/0079deh61","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094335","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dutch Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dutch Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094335"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025960566","display_name":"Michal Tur\u010dan\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-213X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164179","display_name":"Armed Forces Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05m83vp63","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164179"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Turcanik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Academy, Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Academy, Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024067043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129324"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81243632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"001906","last_page":"001911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7480106949806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.727863609790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6000260710716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5933434963226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5548508763313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5018310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3914872705936432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17451739311218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.1516278088092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10438001155853271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7480106949806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.727863609790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6000260710716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5933434963226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5548508763313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5018310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3914872705936432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17451739311218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.1516278088092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10438001155853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2016.7844517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844517","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2750504225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/public/201702231341800760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W2119296376","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2244480959","https://openalex.org/W2293521724","https://openalex.org/W2540093921","https://openalex.org/W2586402863","https://openalex.org/W2999882154","https://openalex.org/W4214717370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388870064","https://openalex.org/W2210139803","https://openalex.org/W4235186151","https://openalex.org/W2054685365","https://openalex.org/W2056057048","https://openalex.org/W2667588871","https://openalex.org/W2272354214","https://openalex.org/W2084768720","https://openalex.org/W1975570126","https://openalex.org/W3196817267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Commercial/Military-Off-The-Shelf":[0],"(COTS/MOTS)":[1],"Computer":[2,119],"Generated":[3,120],"Forces":[4],"(CGF)":[5],"packages":[6,19],"are":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,67],"modeling":[11,46,97],"and":[12,30,55,69,81,87],"simulation":[13],"for":[14,90,117],"training":[15],"purposes.":[16],"Conventional":[17],"CGF":[18,95],"often":[20],"include":[21],"artificial":[22],"intelligence":[23],"(AI)":[24],"interfaces,":[25],"but":[26],"lack":[27],"behavior":[28,45,96],"generation":[29],"other":[31],"adaptive":[32],"capabilities.":[33],"We":[34,83],"believe":[35],"Machine":[36,114],"Learning":[37,115],"(ML)":[38],"techniques":[39,50],"can":[40],"be":[41,53],"beneficial":[42],"to":[43,52,79,94],"the":[44,63,70,104,107],"process,":[47],"yet":[48],"such":[49],"seem":[51],"underused":[54],"perhaps":[56],"under-appreciated.":[57],"This":[58],"paper":[59,100],"aims":[60],"at":[61,72],"bridging":[62],"gap":[64],"between":[65],"users":[66],"academia":[68],"military/industry":[71],"a":[73],"high":[74],"level":[75],"when":[76],"it":[77],"comes":[78],"ML":[80],"AI.":[82],"address":[84],"specific":[85],"requirements":[86],"desired":[88],"capabilities":[89],"applying":[91],"machine":[92],"learning":[93],"applications.":[98],"The":[99],"is":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103],"work":[105],"of":[106],"NATO":[108],"Research":[109],"Task":[110],"Group":[111],"IST-121":[112],"RTG-060":[113],"Techniques":[116],"Autonomous":[118],"Entities.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
