{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586856291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844411","title":"Automatic clustering of eye gaze data for machine learning","display_name":"Automatic clustering of eye gaze data for machine learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586856291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844411","mag":"2586856291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2016.7844411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010866216","display_name":"Khushnood Naqshbandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-2372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khushnood Naqshbandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Computer Science Australian, National University, Canberra, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Computer Science Australian, National University, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030379402","display_name":"Tom Gedeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-4909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Gedeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Computer Science Australian, National University, Canberra, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Computer Science Australian, National University, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003930265","display_name":"Umran Azziz Abdulla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","display_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02j5s7g39","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I4394709116"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umran Azziz Abdulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Eng. & IT University of New South Wales@ADFA, Canberra, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Eng. & IT University of New South Wales@ADFA, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40053085","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010866216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74561565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"001239","last_page":"001244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8850764036178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7872040867805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6521747708320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6330959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5387071371078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.47772666811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3655936121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34852689504623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33532047271728516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8850764036178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7872040867805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6521747708320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6330959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5387071371078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.47772666811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3655936121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34852689504623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33532047271728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2016.7844411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W900100875","https://openalex.org/W1517003397","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1871315714","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W2004089651","https://openalex.org/W2004584736","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2050764161","https://openalex.org/W2068347803","https://openalex.org/W2082192160","https://openalex.org/W2084854890","https://openalex.org/W2086700231","https://openalex.org/W2093123449","https://openalex.org/W2110155563","https://openalex.org/W2110747535","https://openalex.org/W2111465651","https://openalex.org/W2140277155","https://openalex.org/W2156548034","https://openalex.org/W2160642098","https://openalex.org/W2246322311","https://openalex.org/W2277419527","https://openalex.org/W2606256873","https://openalex.org/W4211165038","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6639220700","https://openalex.org/W6690664260","https://openalex.org/W6736369065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W4386072035","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye":[0],"gaze":[1,85],"patterns":[2],"or":[3,47],"scanpaths":[4],"of":[5,27,35,49,56],"subjects":[6],"looking":[7],"at":[8],"art":[9,16],"while":[10],"answering":[11],"questions":[12],"related":[13],"to":[14,20,41,82],"the":[15,25,39,58,65,84,128,143,159],"have":[17],"been":[18],"used":[19,74,81],"decode":[21],"those":[22],"tasks":[23],"with":[24,142,158],"use":[26],"certain":[28],"classifiers":[29],"and":[30,64,103,140,155],"machine":[31],"learning":[32],"techniques.":[33],"Some":[34],"these":[36],"techniques":[37],"require":[38],"artwork":[40],"be":[42],"divided":[43],"into":[44],"several":[45],"Areas":[46],"Regions":[48],"Interest.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,76],"paper,":[53],"two":[54],"ways":[55],"clustering":[57,68],"static":[59],"visual":[60],"stimuli":[61],"-":[62,72],"k-means":[63,102,126],"density":[66],"based":[67],"algorithm":[69],"called":[70],"OPTICS":[71,104,119,132],"were":[73,80,93],"for":[75],"purpose.":[77],"These":[78],"algorithms":[79],"cluster":[83],"points":[86],"before":[87],"classification.":[88],"The":[89],"classification":[90],"success":[91,107,123],"rates":[92,108,124],"then":[94],"compared.":[95],"While":[96],"it":[97],"was":[98],"observed":[99],"that":[100,136,152],"both":[101],"gave":[105,121],"better":[106],"than":[109,116,125,147],"manual":[110],"clustering,":[111],"which":[112,149],"is":[113],"itself":[114],"higher":[115,122],"chance":[117],"level,":[118],"consistently":[120],"given":[127],"right":[129],"parameter":[130],"settings.":[131],"also":[133],"formed":[134,150],"clusters":[135,151],"look":[137,153],"more":[138],"intuitive":[139],"consistent":[141,157],"heat":[144,160],"map":[145],"readings":[146],"k-means,":[148],"unintuitive":[154],"less":[156],"map.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
