{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992193592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974149","title":"A non-intrusive three-way catalyst diagnostics monitor based on support vector machines","display_name":"A non-intrusive three-way catalyst diagnostics monitor based on support vector machines","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992193592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974149","mag":"1992193592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6974149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036639915","display_name":"Prashant Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-679X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Advanced Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company. Research and Innovation Center, Michigan, USA","Research and Advanced Engineering Department at Ford Motor Company, Research and Innovation Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Advanced Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company. Research and Innovation Center, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Advanced Engineering Department at Ford Motor Company, Research and Innovation Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025926002","display_name":"Imad Makki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Makki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Advanced Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company. Research and Innovation Center, Michigan, USA","Research and Advanced Engineering Department at Ford Motor Company, Research and Innovation Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Advanced Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company. Research and Innovation Center, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Advanced Engineering Department at Ford Motor Company, Research and Innovation Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015550681","display_name":"Dimitar Filev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-6782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Filev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Advanced Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company. Research and Innovation Center, Michigan, USA","Research and Advanced Engineering Department at Ford Motor Company, Research and Innovation Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Advanced Engineering Department, Ford Motor Company. Research and Innovation Center, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Advanced Engineering Department at Ford Motor Company, Research and Innovation Center, Dearborn, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1630","last_page":"1635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7927051782608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5747206807136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5545498728752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5293368101119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis","display_name":"Catalysis","score":0.528781533241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.462665319442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4268420338630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2536495327949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1929236352443695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.16351771354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.11507999897003174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7927051782608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5747206807136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5545498728752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5293368101119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.528781533241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.462665319442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4268420338630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2536495327949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1929236352443695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16351771354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6974149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24288701","https://openalex.org/W635279721","https://openalex.org/W1507811878","https://openalex.org/W1548911371","https://openalex.org/W1570834090","https://openalex.org/W1764364573","https://openalex.org/W1869391892","https://openalex.org/W1899218912","https://openalex.org/W1987801991","https://openalex.org/W2003002087","https://openalex.org/W2039774660","https://openalex.org/W2042928223","https://openalex.org/W2047514503","https://openalex.org/W2054335083","https://openalex.org/W2084897024","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2165989110","https://openalex.org/W2246255699","https://openalex.org/W3176049587","https://openalex.org/W6620160640","https://openalex.org/W6632797346","https://openalex.org/W6634027535","https://openalex.org/W6639165917","https://openalex.org/W6647172677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193749472","https://openalex.org/W2092275170","https://openalex.org/W1967978480","https://openalex.org/W1974837029","https://openalex.org/W4281624531","https://openalex.org/W2347907208","https://openalex.org/W2371671355","https://openalex.org/W2760087092","https://openalex.org/W2043114582","https://openalex.org/W2184165178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96],"three-way":[1],"catalytic":[2],"converter":[3],"performance":[4],"degrades":[5],"as":[6,16,74],"it":[7,75],"ages":[8],"over":[9],"time":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,45,70,84],"many":[13],"phenomenon":[14],"such":[15],"catalyst":[17,53,73,102],"poisoning,":[18],"sintering":[19],"or":[20],"physical":[21],"damage":[22],"of":[23,88],"the":[24,28,33,40,52,72,80,86],"instrument.":[25],"To":[26,77],"reduce":[27,85],"emission":[29],"impact":[30],"on":[31,100],"environment,":[32],"Environmental":[34],"Protection":[35],"Agency":[36],"(EPA)":[37],"regulations":[38],"requires":[39],"on-board":[41],"diagnostics":[42],"(OBD)":[43],"method":[44,69],"set":[46],"a":[47,62],"flag":[48],"(fault":[49],"code)":[50],"once":[51],"reaches":[54],"its":[55],"threshold.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"work,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"support":[63,89],"vector":[64],"machine":[65],"based":[66],"non-intrusive":[67],"classification":[68],"diagnose":[71],"ages.":[76],"further":[78],"improve":[79],"model":[81,97],"robustness":[82],"and":[83,108],"size":[87],"vectors,":[90],"multiple":[91,101],"clustering":[92],"algorithms":[93],"were":[94,111],"evaluated.":[95],"was":[98],"tested":[99],"systems":[103],"under":[104],"various":[105],"operating":[106],"conditions":[107],"good":[109],"results":[110],"observed.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}