{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082157988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973989","title":"Situation awareness with different levels of automation","display_name":"Situation awareness with different levels of automation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082157988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973989","mag":"2082157988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6973989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015444543","display_name":"David Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-4630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dave Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024308251","display_name":"Annabel Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annabel Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016068576","display_name":"Wendy Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-611X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015444543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90662987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"688","last_page":"693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.8275320529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.739643931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.5499772429466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5397762656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5386348366737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5205367803573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5068479180335999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4388028085231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3541143238544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3429071307182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2673121690750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18588265776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.11744648218154907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.8275320529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.739643931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5499772429466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5397762656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5386348366737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5205367803573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5068479180335999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4388028085231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3541143238544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3429071307182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2673121690750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18588265776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11744648218154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6973989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332728","display_name":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcfqs37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79365552","https://openalex.org/W106248753","https://openalex.org/W2012869516","https://openalex.org/W2045128528","https://openalex.org/W2124853884","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2164101646","https://openalex.org/W4240278694","https://openalex.org/W4243521007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291261743","https://openalex.org/W1540119434","https://openalex.org/W4229598134","https://openalex.org/W2071657884","https://openalex.org/W4285126926","https://openalex.org/W2290390358","https://openalex.org/W2765982327","https://openalex.org/W213396585","https://openalex.org/W2358660055","https://openalex.org/W4381733965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"effect":[1],"will":[2,7],"periods":[3],"of":[4,14,52],"automated":[5],"driving":[6,18],"have":[8],"on":[9,43],"driver":[10],"performance":[11],"after":[12],"transfer":[13],"control?":[15],"In":[16],"our":[17],"simulator":[19],"experiment":[20],"(N":[21],"=":[22],"48)":[23],"participants":[24],"in":[25,54,71,80,97],"four":[26],"different":[27],"automation":[28],"conditions":[29],"(fully":[30],"autonomous":[31,33,35,58,61,83,93,99],"vehicle,":[32],"steering,":[34],"speed":[36,100],"control,":[37],"no":[38],"automation)":[39],"were":[40],"evaluated":[41],"based":[42],"their":[44],"post-transition":[45],"accident":[46],"avoidance,":[47],"situational":[48],"awareness,":[49],"and":[50,55,88],"feelings":[51],"trust":[53,87],"comfort":[56,89],"with":[57,90],"or":[59],"partially":[60],"driving.":[62],"Preliminary":[63],"results":[64],"from":[65],"behavioral":[66],"data":[67],"show":[68],"significant":[69],"differences":[70],"time":[72],"to":[73],"initiate":[74],"evasive":[75],"action":[76],"across":[77],"conditions.":[78],"Participants":[79],"the":[81,91,98],"fully":[82],"condition":[84],"showed":[85],"greater":[86],"car's":[92],"features":[94],"than":[95],"those":[96],"control":[101],"condition.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
