{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009261194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973911","title":"From the social learning theory to a social learning algorithm for global optimization","display_name":"From the social learning theory to a social learning algorithm for global optimization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009261194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973911","mag":"2009261194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6973911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111641711","display_name":"Yue-Jiao Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue-Jiao Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Dept. of Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400217","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Dept. of Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743577","display_name":"Yun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-1839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111641711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92016462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"222","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.6871646046638489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6738312840461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6074175834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6013464331626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning","display_name":"Social learning","score":0.5918554663658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5665375590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5409702658653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5078492760658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5054361820220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.49505534768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46527713537216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-learning","display_name":"Observational learning","score":0.4402332901954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4267466068267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.42189091444015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32120564579963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.26077112555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17558667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.13019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.6871646046638489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6738312840461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6074175834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6013464331626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.5918554663658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5665375590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5409702658653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5078492760658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5054361820220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.49505534768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46527713537216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102483320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143725","display_name":"Observational learning","level":3,"score":0.4402332901954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4267466068267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42189091444015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32120564579963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.26077112555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17558667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.13019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6973911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:100872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G210531800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6112520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G218256495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013AA01A212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","funder_display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2396032516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61125205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3106200238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013AA01A212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3191098097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61332002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4243412236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"863 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7733967793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8845867371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8863666567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550621568","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1976030983","https://openalex.org/W1986647846","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W2022637272","https://openalex.org/W2043114655","https://openalex.org/W2064788562","https://openalex.org/W2131613989","https://openalex.org/W2137340504","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2158285624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282971311","https://openalex.org/W2572700642","https://openalex.org/W4401797881","https://openalex.org/W4250345647","https://openalex.org/W4318562264","https://openalex.org/W1484108212","https://openalex.org/W4389830402","https://openalex.org/W4254728455","https://openalex.org/W1551302182","https://openalex.org/W3038748417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditionally,":[0],"the":[1,12,24,75,82,93,96,101,109,122,134,147],"Evolutionary":[2],"Computation":[3],"(EC)":[4],"paradigm":[5],"is":[6],"inspired":[7],"by":[8,49,154],"Darwinian":[9],"evolution":[10],"or":[11],"swarm":[13],"intelligence":[14,35,42],"of":[15,28,34,43,79,126,146,166],"animals.":[16],"Bandura's":[17],"Social":[18],"Learning":[19],"Theory":[20],"pointed":[21],"out":[22],"that":[23,40,73],"social":[25,76],"learning":[26,77,84],"behavior":[27,125],"humans":[29],"indicates":[30],"a":[31,67,88,164],"high":[32,144],"level":[33],"in":[36,55,92,112,118,138],"nature.":[37],"We":[38],"found":[39],"such":[41],"human":[44,128],"society":[45,90],"can":[46,132],"be":[47,53],"implemented":[48],"numerical":[50],"computing":[51],"and":[52,69,85,143,161],"utilized":[54],"computational":[56],"algorithms":[57,160],"for":[58,108],"solving":[59,113],"optimization":[60,71,114],"problems.":[61,115],"In":[62],"this":[63,119,127],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"design":[66],"novel":[68],"generic":[70],"approach":[72],"mimics":[74],"process":[78],"humans.":[80],"Emulating":[81],"observational":[83],"reinforcement":[86],"behaviors,":[87],"virtual":[89],"deployed":[91],"algorithm":[94,149],"seeks":[95],"strongest":[97],"behavioral":[98],"patterns":[99],"with":[100],"best":[102,110],"outcome.":[103],"This":[104],"corresponds":[105],"to":[106,156],"searching":[107],"solution":[111],"Experimental":[116],"studies":[117],"paper":[120],"showed":[121],"appealing":[123],"search":[124],"intelligence-inspired":[129],"approach,":[130],"which":[131],"reach":[133],"global":[135],"optimum":[136],"even":[137],"ill":[139],"conditions.":[140],"The":[141],"effectiveness":[142],"efficiency":[145],"proposed":[148],"has":[150],"further":[151],"been":[152],"verified":[153],"comparing":[155],"some":[157],"representative":[158],"EC":[159],"variants":[162],"on":[163],"set":[165],"benchmarks.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
