{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310502216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961034","title":"On The Efficacy of Physics-Informed Context-Based Anomaly Detection for Power Systems","display_name":"On The Efficacy of Physics-Informed Context-Based Anomaly Detection for Power Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310502216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102918301","display_name":"Muhammad Nouman Nafees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-2140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nouman Nafees","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science &#x0026; Informatics, Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science &#x0026; Informatics, Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011086368","display_name":"Neetesh Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-0807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neetesh Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science &#x0026; Informatics, Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science &#x0026; Informatics, Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090436792","display_name":"Pete Burnap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-633X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pete Burnap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science &#x0026; Informatics, Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science &#x0026; Informatics, Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102918301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62634644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8362656831741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.8301860094070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.663474977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6052119731903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.4999809265136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.47317010164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4306359887123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.41404736042022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38436228036880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33909353613853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3243292570114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2874258756637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26747003197669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08828338980674744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8362656831741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.8301860094070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.663474977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6052119731903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4999809265136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.47317010164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4306359887123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.41404736042022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38436228036880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33909353613853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3243292570114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2874258756637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26747003197669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08828338980674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:152978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115472369","https://openalex.org/W2169915125","https://openalex.org/W2766130346","https://openalex.org/W2777833188","https://openalex.org/W2889557246","https://openalex.org/W2964335273","https://openalex.org/W2977733636","https://openalex.org/W2980418550","https://openalex.org/W3094758040","https://openalex.org/W3132458493","https://openalex.org/W3159817879","https://openalex.org/W3164160032","https://openalex.org/W3200386784","https://openalex.org/W4237248368","https://openalex.org/W6639497327","https://openalex.org/W6754230774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W2143820878","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W4377864969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Automatic":[1],"Generation":[2],"Control":[3],"(AGC),":[4],"a":[5,164],"fundamental":[6],"frequency":[7,31],"control":[8],"system,":[9],"is":[10,69,90,129],"vulnerable":[11],"to":[12,21,34,123],"cyber-physical":[13,137],"attacks.":[14],"Coordinated":[15],"false":[16],"data":[17],"injection":[18],"attack,":[19],"aiming":[20],"generate":[22],"fake":[23],"transient":[24],"measurements,":[25],"typically":[26],"precedes":[27],"unwarranted":[28],"actions,":[29],"inducing":[30],"excursion,":[32],"leading":[33],"electromechanical":[35],"swings":[36],"between":[37],"generators,":[38],"blackouts,":[39],"and":[40,75,118,176],"costly":[41],"equipment":[42],"damage.":[43],"Unlike":[44],"other":[45,186],"works":[46],"that":[47,89],"focus":[48],"on":[49,56,102,147,156],"point":[50],"anomaly":[51,87,133],"detection,":[52],"this":[53],"work":[54],"focuses":[55],"contextual":[57,174],"detection":[58,88,107,134,172],"of":[59,113,116,126],"stealthy":[60,136],"cyber-attacks":[61],"against":[62,139],"AGC":[63,141],"by":[64,93],"utilizing":[65],"prior":[66,114],"information,":[67,175],"which":[68,109],"essential":[70],"for":[71,135,169],"power":[72],"system":[73,119],"operation":[74],"situational":[76],"awareness.":[77],"More":[78],"specifically,":[79],"we":[80,97],"depart":[81],"from":[82],"the":[83,111,124,130,140,157,181],"traditional":[84],"deep":[85,105],"learning":[86,106],"thoroughly":[91],"driven":[92],"black-box":[94],"detection;":[95],"instead,":[96],"envision":[98],"an":[99,148],"approach":[100,146,178],"based":[101,155],"physics-informed":[103],"hybrid":[104],"'CLDPhy,\u2019":[108],"utilizes":[110],"combination":[112],"knowledge":[115],"physics":[117],"metrics.":[120],"Our":[121,161],"method,":[122],"extent":[125],"our":[127,145,177],"knowledge,":[128],"first":[131],"context-based":[132],"attacks":[138],"system.":[142],"We":[143],"evaluate":[144],"industrial":[149],"high-class":[150],"PowerWorld":[151],"simulated":[152],"dataset":[153],"-":[154],"IEEE":[158],"37-bus":[159],"model.":[160],"experiments":[162],"observe":[163],"36.4%":[165],"improvement":[166],"in":[167,183],"accuracy":[168],"coordinated":[170],"attack":[171],"with":[173,185],"clearly":[179],"demonstrates":[180],"superiority":[182],"comparison":[184],"baselines.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-12-11T00:00:00"}
