{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200144700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632337","title":"A Stealthier False Data Injection Attack against the Power Grid","display_name":"A Stealthier False Data Injection Attack against the Power Grid","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200144700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632337","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100307641","display_name":"Weili Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110242","display_name":"Digital Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020h4b682","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210112888","https://openalex.org/I4210118830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weili Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101834276","display_name":"Xin Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110242","display_name":"Digital Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020h4b682","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210112888","https://openalex.org/I4210118830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063936654","display_name":"David K. Y. Yau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David K.Y. Yau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113825770","display_name":"Ying Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8814-866X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110242","display_name":"Digital Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020h4b682","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210112888","https://openalex.org/I4210118830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046651262","display_name":"Muhammad Ramadan Saifuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-4079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110242","display_name":"Digital Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020h4b682","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210112888","https://openalex.org/I4210118830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ramadan Saifuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101773303","display_name":"Jiyan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-9472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110242","display_name":"Digital Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020h4b682","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210112888","https://openalex.org/I4210118830"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Illinois at Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110242","https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011314280","display_name":"Marianne Winslett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianne Winslett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,USA","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100307641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443","https://openalex.org/I4210110242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66958186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"108","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.623246967792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.5663167238235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5272197723388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5133623480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5107364654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4946407973766327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47821947932243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excursion","display_name":"Excursion","score":0.4426383972167969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.623246967792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.5663167238235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5272197723388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5133623480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5107364654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4946407973766327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47821947932243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156976","display_name":"Excursion","level":2,"score":0.4426383972167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632337","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333169","display_name":"National Science Foundation, United Arab Emirates","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W2005028112","https://openalex.org/W2039148409","https://openalex.org/W2055124586","https://openalex.org/W2068211145","https://openalex.org/W2075565671","https://openalex.org/W2115472369","https://openalex.org/W2132303906","https://openalex.org/W2553386520","https://openalex.org/W2593244526","https://openalex.org/W2811475107","https://openalex.org/W2991644437","https://openalex.org/W3002762863","https://openalex.org/W3094758040","https://openalex.org/W3150809681","https://openalex.org/W4200144700","https://openalex.org/W4289542914","https://openalex.org/W6765801622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971411732","https://openalex.org/W2362407587","https://openalex.org/W4401579034","https://openalex.org/W3167953481","https://openalex.org/W4205248644","https://openalex.org/W3097042218","https://openalex.org/W4252469072","https://openalex.org/W1486720777","https://openalex.org/W2323144091","https://openalex.org/W2947935833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,131],"use":[1],"discrete-time":[2],"adaptive":[3],"control":[4,18],"theory":[5],"to":[6,49,55,86,96,122,166],"design":[7],"a":[8,20,25],"novel":[9],"false":[10,99],"data":[11,47,94],"injection":[12],"(FDI)":[13],"attack":[14,60,107,138],"against":[15],"automatic":[16],"generation":[17],"(AGC),":[19],"critical":[21],"system":[22,150],"that":[23],"maintains":[24],"power":[26,149],"grid":[27],"at":[28],"its":[29,84],"requisite":[30],"frequency.":[31],"FDI":[32],"attacks":[33],"can":[34,113],"cause":[35,123],"equipment":[36],"damage":[37],"or":[38],"blackouts":[39],"by":[40,153],"falsifying":[41],"measurements":[42],"in":[43,83,126,145],"the":[44,51,58,66,69,75,98,106,115,133,136,159],"streaming":[45],"sensor":[46,93,100],"used":[48],"monitor":[50],"grid's":[52],"operation.":[53],"Compared":[54],"prior":[56,167],"work,":[57],"proposed":[59,137],"(i)":[61],"requires":[62],"less":[63],"knowledge":[64],"on":[65,139],"part":[67],"of":[68,128,135],"attacker,":[70],"such":[71],"as":[72,118,120],"correctly":[73],"forecasting":[74],"future":[76],"demand":[77],"for":[78,90],"power;":[79],"(ii)":[80],"is":[81,108],"stealthier":[82],"ability":[85],"bypass":[87],"standard":[88],"methods":[89],"detecting":[91],"bad":[92],"and":[95,111,142,163],"keep":[97],"readings":[101],"near":[102],"historical":[103],"norms":[104],"until":[105],"well":[109],"underway;":[110],"(iii)":[112],"sustain":[114],"frequency":[116],"excursion":[117],"long":[119],"needed":[121],"real-world":[124,154],"damage,":[125],"spite":[127],"AGC":[129],"countermeasures.":[130],"validate":[132],"performance":[134],"realistic":[140],"37-bus":[141],"118-bus":[143],"setups":[144],"PowerWorld,":[146],"an":[147],"industry-strength":[148],"simulator":[151],"trusted":[152],"operators.":[155],"The":[156],"results":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"attack's":[160],"improved":[161],"stealthiness":[162],"effectiveness":[164],"compared":[165],"work.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
