{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200412026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632318","title":"Modeling of Cyber Attacks Against Converter-Driven Stability of PMSG-Based Wind Farms with Intentional Subsynchronous Resonance","display_name":"Modeling of Cyber Attacks Against Converter-Driven Stability of PMSG-Based Wind Farms with Intentional Subsynchronous Resonance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200412026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091192036","display_name":"Hang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6368-8251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Center, Concordia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Center, Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061710167","display_name":"Jun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Center, Concordia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Center, Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052464384","display_name":"Mohsen Ghafouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ghafouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Center, Concordia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Center, Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005247709","display_name":"Rawad Zgheib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47099075","display_name":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/01nhzsw25","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47099075"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rawad Zgheib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec's Reserch Institure (IREQ), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec's Reserch Institure (IREQ), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47099075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075761726","display_name":"Marthe Kassouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-2350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47099075","display_name":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec","ror":"https://ror.org/01nhzsw25","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47099075"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marthe Kassouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec's Reserch Institure (IREQ), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec's Reserch Institure (IREQ), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47099075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028605138","display_name":"Mourad Debbabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Debbabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Center, Concordia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Center, Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091192036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62743445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"391","last_page":"397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6727137565612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.64946049451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5591264367103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4838351309299469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.4457981288433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.42589038610458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4250493049621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41757044196128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40673840045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3822058439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3697819113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.35632023215293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3435249328613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.19192451238632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06896170973777771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6727137565612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201320609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274420","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","level":3,"score":0.64946049451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5591264367103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4838351309299469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.4457981288433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.42589038610458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4250493049621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41757044196128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40673840045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3822058439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3697819113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.35632023215293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3435249328613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.19192451238632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06896170973777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm51999.2021.9632318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070141626","https://openalex.org/W2099249167","https://openalex.org/W2128695868","https://openalex.org/W2147526029","https://openalex.org/W2171103696","https://openalex.org/W2344429718","https://openalex.org/W2517305838","https://openalex.org/W2534539519","https://openalex.org/W2577296863","https://openalex.org/W2595551762","https://openalex.org/W2609450205","https://openalex.org/W2623657281","https://openalex.org/W2766130346","https://openalex.org/W3004638241","https://openalex.org/W3039695466","https://openalex.org/W3090794445","https://openalex.org/W3110874572","https://openalex.org/W3126051561","https://openalex.org/W3173870401","https://openalex.org/W6783891347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2087343574","https://openalex.org/W2535915176","https://openalex.org/W2105860728","https://openalex.org/W2345517883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subsynchronous":[0],"resonance":[1],"(SSR)":[2],"is":[3],"among":[4],"the":[5,55,100,116,119,122,131,154],"most":[6],"severe":[7],"instability":[8,44],"conditions":[9],"that":[10,45,138],"may":[11],"happen":[12],"when":[13],"grid-tied":[14],"inverter-based":[15],"renewable":[16],"energy":[17,94],"sources":[18],"(RESs),":[19],"like":[20],"wind":[21,37,65,89,111],"power,":[22],"connect":[23],"to":[24,48],"a":[25,49,67],"weak":[26],"transmission":[27],"grid.":[28,156],"The":[29,135],"potential":[30,68],"impact":[31],"of":[32,36,58,118],"SSR":[33,86,108,146],"includes":[34],"loss":[35],"power":[38,155],"generation,":[39],"physical":[40],"equipment":[41],"damage,":[42],"or":[43],"could":[46],"spread":[47],"larger":[50],"area.":[51],"Such":[52],"risks":[53],"make":[54],"subsynchronous":[56],"stability":[57],"permanent":[59],"magnet":[60],"synchronous":[61],"generator":[62],"(PMSG)":[63],"based":[64],"farms":[66],"target":[69],"for":[70,107],"adversaries.":[71],"To":[72],"this":[73,75,113],"end,":[74],"paper":[76,114],"investigates":[77],"and":[78,96,103,127,151],"models":[79],"two":[80,123],"new":[81],"cyber":[82,125,141],"attack":[83],"schemes":[84],"targeting":[85],"in":[87,109],"PMSG-based":[88,110],"farms,":[90,112],"which":[91],"have":[92],"high":[93],"output":[95],"less":[97],"maintenance.":[98],"Considering":[99],"major":[101],"causes":[102],"different":[104],"damping":[105],"controls":[106],"demonstrates":[115],"feasibility":[117],"threat":[120],"from":[121],"proposed":[124],"attacks":[126,142],"compares":[128],"them":[129],"using":[130],"IEEE":[132],"9-bus":[133],"benchmark.":[134],"results":[136],"show":[137],"smartly":[139],"craft":[140],"can":[143],"successfully":[144],"degrade":[145],"damping,":[147],"trigger":[148],"an":[149],"SSR,":[150],"even":[152],"destabilize":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
