{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044772922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303022","title":"Model-Agnostic Algorithm for Real-Time Attack Identification in Power Grid using Koopman Modes","display_name":"Model-Agnostic Algorithm for Real-Time Attack Identification in Power Grid using Koopman Modes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044772922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303022","mag":"3044772922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.11717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048947032","display_name":"Sai Pushpak Nandanoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8006-5394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sai Pushpak Nandanoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Optimization and Control Group,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Optimization and Control Group,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101973210","display_name":"Soumya Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-8557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Optimization and Control Group,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Optimization and Control Group,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008148127","display_name":"Seemita Pal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seemita Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electricity Security Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Electricity Security Group,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electricity Security Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Electricity Security Group,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002692238","display_name":"Khushbu Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-2439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khushbu Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Data Sciences Group,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,Data Sciences Group,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016440514","display_name":"Sutanay Choudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-2035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sutanay Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048947032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55334395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5808705687522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5768059492111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5644515752792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5321625471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.5294047594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-mode-decomposition","display_name":"Dynamic mode decomposition","score":0.5128512382507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.47443047165870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.47359922528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.46481117606163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.45534783601760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44724905490875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.44630521535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4375470280647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.42961984872817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.41008129715919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3630622625350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3272087872028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.18580332398414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1690431833267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1411074995994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09922996163368225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5808705687522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5768059492111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5644515752792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5321625471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.5294047594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777032711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318993","display_name":"Dynamic mode decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5128512382507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.47443047165870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47359922528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.46481117606163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45534783601760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44724905490875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.44630521535873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4375470280647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.42961984872817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.41008129715919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3630622625350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3272087872028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.18580332398414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1690431833267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1411074995994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09922996163368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9303022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.11717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11717","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.11717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.11717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.11717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3044772922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.11717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11717","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.11717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044772922.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997054581","https://openalex.org/W2029362672","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2039148409","https://openalex.org/W2039984414","https://openalex.org/W2091497071","https://openalex.org/W2099812873","https://openalex.org/W2108906138","https://openalex.org/W2144048072","https://openalex.org/W2152106854","https://openalex.org/W2164954534","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2206902650","https://openalex.org/W2439424908","https://openalex.org/W2525707513","https://openalex.org/W2527498474","https://openalex.org/W2552232142","https://openalex.org/W2567728531","https://openalex.org/W2792029691","https://openalex.org/W2792169732","https://openalex.org/W2799059726","https://openalex.org/W2805350177","https://openalex.org/W2805900902","https://openalex.org/W2890946036","https://openalex.org/W2904081477","https://openalex.org/W2963190580","https://openalex.org/W3010921629","https://openalex.org/W3098898877","https://openalex.org/W3099086397","https://openalex.org/W3101076092","https://openalex.org/W3101961519","https://openalex.org/W3105176221","https://openalex.org/W3117366218","https://openalex.org/W6684578312","https://openalex.org/W6718803878","https://openalex.org/W6910530838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798767429","https://openalex.org/W2969980263","https://openalex.org/W2797025128","https://openalex.org/W2989590727","https://openalex.org/W3128542729","https://openalex.org/W2965301612","https://openalex.org/W2774100429","https://openalex.org/W2885480219","https://openalex.org/W2907245986","https://openalex.org/W2982379618","https://openalex.org/W3135357216","https://openalex.org/W2920083957","https://openalex.org/W2951438414","https://openalex.org/W2972226806","https://openalex.org/W2990350015","https://openalex.org/W3030748473","https://openalex.org/W2925113551","https://openalex.org/W2782995272","https://openalex.org/W3120137300","https://openalex.org/W2879766152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malicious":[0],"activities":[1],"on":[2,59,150,161],"measurements":[3],"from":[4],"sensors":[5],"like":[6],"Phasor":[7],"Measurement":[8],"Units":[9],"(PMUs)":[10],"can":[11,51],"mislead":[12],"the":[13,53,95,101,105,110,122,136,146,151],"control":[14,20],"center":[15],"operator":[16],"into":[17],"taking":[18],"wrong":[19],"actions":[21],"resulting":[22],"in":[23,47,85,100,121,176],"disruption":[24],"of":[25,93,98,104,113,119,145,173],"operation,":[26],"financial":[27],"losses,":[28],"and":[29,49,80,108,116],"equipment":[30],"damage.":[31],"In":[32,66],"particular,":[33],"false":[34,82,137],"data":[35,83,138,168],"attacks":[36,84],"initiated":[37],"during":[38],"power":[39,106,178],"systems":[40],"transients":[41],"caused":[42],"due":[43],"to":[44,62,78,133],"abrupt":[45],"changes":[46],"load":[48],"generation":[50,169],"fool":[52],"conventional":[54],"model-based":[55],"detection":[56],"methods":[57],"relying":[58],"thresholds":[60],"comparison":[61],"trigger":[63],"an":[64,141],"anomaly.":[65],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"a":[71,163],"Koopman":[72,88],"mode":[73],"decomposition":[74],"(KMD)":[75],"based":[76],"algorithm":[77,147],"detect":[79],"identify":[81],"real-time.":[86],"The":[87,125,143],"modes":[89,97,118],"(KMs)":[90],"are":[91],"capable":[92],"capturing":[94],"nonlinear":[96,128],"oscillation":[99],"transient":[102],"dynamics":[103],"networks":[107],"reveal":[109],"spatial":[111],"embedding":[112],"both":[114],"natural":[115],"anomalous":[117],"oscillations":[120],"sensor":[123],"measurements.":[124],"Koopman-based":[126],"spatio-temporal":[127,167],"modal":[129],"analysis":[130],"is":[131,148],"used":[132],"filter":[134],"out":[135],"injected":[139],"by":[140],"attacker.":[142],"performance":[144],"illustrated":[149],"IEEE":[152],"68-bus":[153],"test":[154],"system":[155],"using":[156],"synthetic":[157],"attack":[158],"scenarios":[159,175],"generated":[160],"GridSTAGE,":[162],"recently":[164],"developed":[165],"multivariate":[166],"framework":[170],"for":[171],"simulation":[172],"adversarial":[174],"cyber-physical":[177],"systems.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}