{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990283919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2019.8909702","title":"Detection and Localization of Manipulated Smart Meters Using Super State Hidden Markov Models","display_name":"Detection and Localization of Manipulated Smart Meters Using Super State Hidden Markov Models","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990283919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2019.8909702","mag":"2990283919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2019.8909702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2019.8909702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005787349","display_name":"Raoul Gabriel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3008-6469"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raoul Gabriel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development ci-Tec GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development ci-Tec GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058149901","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Matthes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0963-6000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorg Matthes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074412417","display_name":"Hubert B. Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-5283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert B. Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014228448","display_name":"Veit Hagenmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-9083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veit Hagenmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005787349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56493954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metering-mode","display_name":"Metering mode","score":0.7646975517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7529807686805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7014131546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6270892024040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5526903867721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.46630990505218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4628125727176666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4259302616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4113309383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35254937410354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28078949451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23970234394073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1864904761314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.125919908285141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11266344785690308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.7646975517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7529807686805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7014131546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6270892024040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5526903867721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.46630990505218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4628125727176666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4259302616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4113309383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35254937410354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28078949451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23970234394073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1864904761314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.125919908285141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11266344785690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2019.8909702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2019.8909702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110691220","https://openalex.org/W1500350309","https://openalex.org/W1523341807","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1571258547","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W2081506432","https://openalex.org/W2102828313","https://openalex.org/W2107659291","https://openalex.org/W2108596349","https://openalex.org/W2121352581","https://openalex.org/W2142314207","https://openalex.org/W2148212699","https://openalex.org/W2255051834","https://openalex.org/W2294827575","https://openalex.org/W2320464932","https://openalex.org/W2323005549","https://openalex.org/W2344234701","https://openalex.org/W2363163508","https://openalex.org/W2395039182","https://openalex.org/W2529740945","https://openalex.org/W2541941925","https://openalex.org/W2559280146","https://openalex.org/W6730692885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384104878","https://openalex.org/W2360352189","https://openalex.org/W2054457760","https://openalex.org/W2351145417","https://openalex.org/W4288765096","https://openalex.org/W2082239223","https://openalex.org/W4382774707","https://openalex.org/W2377181419","https://openalex.org/W2366499250","https://openalex.org/W25930971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manipulated":[0],"energy":[1],"metering":[2,71],"devices":[3],"lead":[4,15],"not":[5,78],"only":[6,79],"to":[7,16,105,112,121,138],"severe":[8],"economic":[9],"damages,":[10],"they":[11],"also":[12],"can":[13],"directly":[14],"unfortunate":[17],"decisions":[18],"concerning":[19],"stable":[20],"grid":[21,110,141],"operation,":[22],"especially":[23],"for":[24,146],"Smart":[25,88],"Grids":[26],"of":[27,42,83,86,129,149],"the":[28,50,81,84,87,100,109,114,118,130],"future":[29],"with":[30,67],"less":[31,33],"and":[32,36,38,111,127],"rotating":[34],"inertia":[35],"more":[37,39],"volatile":[40],"infeed":[41],"renewables.":[43],"For":[44],"this":[45],"reason,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"in":[49,65],"present":[51],"paper":[52],"a":[53,139],"new":[54,75,101,131],"manipulation":[55,85],"detection":[56,82],"method":[57,76,102,132],"using":[58],"Super":[59],"State":[60],"Hidden":[61],"Markov":[62],"Models":[63],"(SSHMMs)":[64],"combination":[66],"an":[68],"additional":[69],"central":[70],"device.":[72],"The":[73,125],"proposed":[74],"does":[77],"allow":[80],"Meters,":[89],"but":[90],"additionally":[91],"infers":[92],"which":[93],"meters":[94],"are":[95,133],"most":[96],"likely":[97],"manipulated.":[98],"Thus,":[99],"is":[103,144],"able":[104],"detect":[106],"attacks":[107],"on":[108],"pinpoint":[113],"manipulated":[115],"devices,":[116],"enabling":[117],"network":[119,147],"provider":[120],"initiate":[122],"further":[123],"counteractions.":[124],"accuracy":[126],"effectiveness":[128],"shown":[134],"by":[135],"its":[136],"application":[137],"distribution":[140,151],"example.":[142],"It":[143],"ready-to-use":[145],"providers":[148],"classical":[150],"grids.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}