{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908345360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2018.8587436","title":"Correlation-based Detection of PMU Time Synchronization Attacks","display_name":"Correlation-based Detection of PMU Time Synchronization Attacks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908345360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2018.8587436","mag":"2908345360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2018.8587436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2018.8587436","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087717727","display_name":"Ezzeldin Shereen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ezzeldin Shereen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network and Systems Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network and Systems Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086721943","display_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy D\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-0223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyorgy Dan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network and Systems Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network and Systems Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087717727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63334297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.7439283132553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7221410274505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6721982955932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6031842827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5388180613517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.4986743927001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4865068793296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.4732247591018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.47124892473220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.444979727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.42603427171707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33615440130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.2366238832473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09660524129867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.095395028591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0803852379322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06717216968536377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.7439283132553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7221410274505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6721982955932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6031842827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5388180613517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.4986743927001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4865068793296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.4732247591018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.47124892473220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.444979727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.42603427171707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33615440130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2366238832473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09660524129867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.095395028591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0803852379322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06717216968536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2018.8587436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2018.8587436","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996092706","https://openalex.org/W2008534422","https://openalex.org/W2043737096","https://openalex.org/W2090596306","https://openalex.org/W2127421774","https://openalex.org/W2337871897","https://openalex.org/W2423822320","https://openalex.org/W2527602957","https://openalex.org/W2548755670","https://openalex.org/W2559102461","https://openalex.org/W2586544129","https://openalex.org/W2754923080","https://openalex.org/W2799155938","https://openalex.org/W6733406948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182509182","https://openalex.org/W2125787228","https://openalex.org/W2138143921","https://openalex.org/W2102647849","https://openalex.org/W1923806246","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W2166008706","https://openalex.org/W4244071503","https://openalex.org/W2102650188","https://openalex.org/W2582236778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"monitoring":[1],"and":[2,21,53,72,102],"control":[3],"in":[4,78],"power":[5],"systems":[6],"is":[7,24,138],"increasingly":[8],"dependent":[9],"on":[10,17,48],"Phasor":[11],"Measurement":[12],"Units":[13],"(PMUs).":[14],"PMUs":[15],"depend":[16],"precise":[18],"time":[19,31,42,108],"synchronization,":[20],"thus":[22],"it":[23],"essential":[25],"to":[26],"ensure":[27],"the":[28,38,65,68,73,79,85,92,113],"security":[29],"of":[30,40,81],"synchronization.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper":[35],"we":[36,58,98],"consider":[37],"detection":[39,127,137],"low-rate":[41],"synchronization":[43,109],"attacks":[44],"against":[45],"PMUs.":[46],"Based":[47],"a":[49,54,60,100,103],"general":[50],"clock":[51,69],"model":[52,57],"PMU":[55,75],"measurement":[56],"provide":[59],"closed":[61],"form":[62],"expression":[63],"for":[64,107,129,134],"correlation":[66,93],"between":[67,94],"frequency":[70],"adjustments":[71],"measured":[74],"phase":[76],"angles":[77],"absence":[80],"an":[82,88],"attack.":[83],"Leveraging":[84],"intuition":[86],"that":[87,122],"attack":[89,136],"would":[90],"affect":[91],"these":[95],"two":[96],"quantities,":[97],"propose":[99],"model-based":[101],"non-parametric":[104],"correlation-based":[105],"detector":[106],"attacks.":[110],"We":[111],"evaluate":[112],"proposed":[114],"detectors":[115],"using":[116],"extensive":[117],"simulations.":[118],"Our":[119],"results":[120],"show":[121],"they":[123],"outperform":[124],"traditional":[125],"change":[126],"techniques":[128],"clocks":[130],"with":[131],"low":[132],"accuracy,":[133],"which":[135],"most":[139],"challenging.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
