{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2736359213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340742","title":"Assessment of optimal flexibility in ensemble of frequency responsive loads","display_name":"Assessment of optimal flexibility in ensemble of frequency responsive loads","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2736359213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340742","mag":"2736359213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340742","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101973210","display_name":"Soumya Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-8557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091811228","display_name":"Jacob Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-3245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012830322","display_name":"Jianming Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-5350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071892762","display_name":"Karanjit Kalsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-949X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karan Kalsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Control Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101973210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08144324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"399","last_page":"404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.8707575798034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6569243669509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6543740034103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6358022689819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6357659101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6168465614318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.6069701910018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4991297721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.45117491483688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.44821682572364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.43047723174095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3748944103717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.29994699358940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20625442266464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1327073872089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10587304830551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0877218246459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.08365002274513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0803486704826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07292115688323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06789290904998779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8707575798034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6569243669509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6543740034103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6358022689819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6357659101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6168465614318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.6069701910018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4991297721862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.45117491483688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.44821682572364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.43047723174095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3748944103717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.29994699358940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20625442266464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1327073872089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10587304830551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0877218246459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.08365002274513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0803486704826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07292115688323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06789290904998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2017.8340742","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1707.07033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.07033","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2736359213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07033.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1707.07033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.07033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1707.07033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.07033","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2736359213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2736359213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127705109","https://openalex.org/W2009022268","https://openalex.org/W2052306373","https://openalex.org/W2088077079","https://openalex.org/W2092577194","https://openalex.org/W2122032342","https://openalex.org/W2148388822","https://openalex.org/W2160327646","https://openalex.org/W2164961065","https://openalex.org/W2174209625","https://openalex.org/W2180199879","https://openalex.org/W2305415516","https://openalex.org/W2556407450","https://openalex.org/W2963123283","https://openalex.org/W2963939297","https://openalex.org/W6605335646","https://openalex.org/W6638689421","https://openalex.org/W6649313407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560016599","https://openalex.org/W2535149782","https://openalex.org/W1800320815","https://openalex.org/W2240274737","https://openalex.org/W3150601009","https://openalex.org/W2969979324","https://openalex.org/W3201449248","https://openalex.org/W2886722626","https://openalex.org/W2186747806","https://openalex.org/W2910692239","https://openalex.org/W2369872664","https://openalex.org/W2785487341","https://openalex.org/W2968591677","https://openalex.org/W2339172052","https://openalex.org/W2949978287","https://openalex.org/W2283317382","https://openalex.org/W3004818988","https://openalex.org/W2999925133","https://openalex.org/W2990182645","https://openalex.org/W2039009492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Potential":[0],"of":[1,23,44,58,91,115,117],"electrical":[2],"loads":[3],"in":[4,84,100],"providing":[5],"grid":[6,53],"ancillary":[7],"services":[8],"is":[9,68,105],"often":[10],"limited":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,35,70],"the":[14,18,24,42,46,56,72,76,85,97],"uncertainties":[15,26,83],"associated":[16],"with":[17,27],"load":[19,29,48,61,80,86],"behavior.":[20],"A":[21,88],"knowledge":[22],"expected":[25,73,98],"a":[28,63],"control":[30,38,49],"program":[31],"would":[32],"invariably":[33],"yield":[34],"better":[36],"informed":[37],"policies,":[39],"opening":[40],"up":[41],"possibility":[43],"extracting":[45],"maximal":[47],"potential":[50],"without":[51],"affecting":[52],"operations.":[54],"In":[55],"context":[57],"frequency":[59],"responsive":[60],"control,":[62],"probabilistic":[64],"uncertainty":[65],"analysis":[66],"framework":[67],"presented":[69],"quantify":[71],"error":[74,99],"between":[75],"target":[77],"and":[78,102],"actual":[79,101],"response,":[81],"under":[82],"dynamics.":[87],"closed-form":[89],"expression":[90],"an":[92],"optimal":[93],"demand":[94],"flexibility,":[95,104],"minimizing":[96],"committed":[103],"provided.":[106],"Analytical":[107],"results":[108],"are":[109],"validated":[110],"through":[111],"Monte":[112],"Carlo":[113],"simulations":[114],"ensembles":[116],"electric":[118],"water":[119],"heaters.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}