{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994683095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486057","title":"Distributed control of generation in a transmission grid with a high penetration of renewables","display_name":"Distributed control of generation in a transmission grid with a high penetration of renewables","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994683095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486057","mag":"1994683095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.4555","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050954769","display_name":"Krishnamurthy Dvijotham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-4677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krishnamurthy Dvijotham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040109480","display_name":"Scott Backhaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Backhaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPA Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPA Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068974029","display_name":"Michael Chertkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-515X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Chertkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theory Division & CNLS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theory Division & CNLS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050954769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9974,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77750368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":null,"first_page":"635","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.608909547328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.5824845433235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5780332684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5011358261108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.49935197830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4595337212085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4548400938510895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.4403289556503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.43139633536338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.4300234615802765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.41679060459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.411193311214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.35953980684280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3167755603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2207651436328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1811402440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15563559532165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10653147101402283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.608909547328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5824845433235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5780332684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5011358261108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.49935197830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4595337212085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4548400938510895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.4403289556503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.43139633536338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4300234615802765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.41679060459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.411193311214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35953980684280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3167755603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2207651436328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1811402440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15563559532165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10653147101402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1211.4555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.4555","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.4555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1994683095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.4555.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1211.4555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.4555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1211.4555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.4555","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.4555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994683095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994683095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W2014398910","https://openalex.org/W2109550196","https://openalex.org/W2141380252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901408192","https://openalex.org/W2122761265","https://openalex.org/W2972365224","https://openalex.org/W2768528454","https://openalex.org/W2086617812","https://openalex.org/W3159770993","https://openalex.org/W2612326879","https://openalex.org/W2398726113","https://openalex.org/W1967597241","https://openalex.org/W2763111394","https://openalex.org/W2899170922","https://openalex.org/W2894959959","https://openalex.org/W2952644697","https://openalex.org/W3006345308","https://openalex.org/W2339451720","https://openalex.org/W1995827982","https://openalex.org/W3115466087","https://openalex.org/W2788688991","https://openalex.org/W2994724847","https://openalex.org/W2992134595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deviations":[0],"of":[1,11,21,60,65,118,120,126,164,180,191,244,247],"grid":[2],"frequency":[3,7,37,52,175],"from":[4],"the":[5,12,63,66,104,139,192],"nominal":[6],"are":[8,32,109,239],"an":[9,116],"indicator":[10],"global":[13],"imbalance":[14,42],"between":[15],"generation":[16,124],"and":[17,27,84,122,173,204,211,224],"load.":[18],"Two":[19],"types":[20],"control,":[22,31,206],"a":[23,28,86,99,132,178,187,201,221,233],"distributed":[24,101,205],"proportional":[25],"control":[26,61,69,153,185,223],"centralized":[29,67,133],"integral":[30,68],"currently":[33],"used":[34],"to":[35,70,73,106,137,149,215,241],"keep":[36],"deviations":[38,176],"small.":[39],"Although":[40],"generation-load":[41,237],"can":[43,95],"be":[44,71,96,147,220],"very":[45],"localized,":[46],"both":[47],"controls":[48],"primarily":[49],"rely":[50],"on":[51,186,208],"deviation":[53],"as":[54,168],"their":[55],"input.":[56],"The":[57],"time":[58],"scales":[59],"require":[62],"outputs":[64],"communicated":[72,148,214],"distant":[74],"generators":[75,150,217],"every":[76],"few":[77],"seconds.":[78],"We":[79,160,182],"reconsider":[80],"this":[81],"control/communication":[82],"architecture":[83,226,229],"suggest":[85,199],"hybrid":[87],"approach":[88],"that":[89,94,162,200],"utilizes":[90],"parameterized":[91],"feedback":[92,141,169],"policies":[93,108],"implemented":[97],"in":[98,157],"fully":[100],"manner":[102],"because":[103,243],"inputs":[105,170],"these":[107],"local":[110,165],"observables":[111],"at":[112],"each":[113],"generator.":[114],"Using":[115],"ensemble":[117],"forecasts":[119],"load":[121],"time-intermittent":[123,248],"representative":[125],"possible":[127],"future":[128,234],"scenarios,":[129],"we":[130],"perform":[131],"off-line":[134,210],"stochastic":[135],"optimization":[136],"select":[138],"generator-specific":[140],"parameters.":[142],"These":[143],"parameters":[144],"need":[145],"only":[146],"once":[151],"per":[152],"period":[154],"(60":[155],"minutes":[156],"our":[158,184],"simulations).":[159],"show":[161],"inclusion":[163],"power":[166],"flows":[167],"is":[171,230],"crucial":[172],"reduces":[174],"by":[177],"factor":[179],"ten.":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"detailed":[188],"transmission":[189],"model":[190],"Bonneville":[193],"Power":[194],"Administration":[195],"(BPA).":[196],"Our":[197],"findings":[198],"smart":[202],"automatic":[203],"relying":[207],"advanced":[209],"system-wide":[212],"computations":[213],"controlled":[216],"infrequently,":[218],"may":[219],"viable":[222],"communication":[225],"solution.":[227],"This":[228],"suitable":[231],"for":[232],"situation":[235],"when":[236],"imbalances":[238],"expected":[240],"grow":[242],"increased":[245],"penetration":[246],"generation.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
