{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991484043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","title":"GPS spoofing based time stamp attack on real time wide area monitoring in smart grid","display_name":"GPS spoofing based time stamp attack on real time wide area monitoring in smart grid","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991484043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","mag":"1991484043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100960248","display_name":"Shuping Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714829","display_name":"Zhenghao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-0632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080123776","display_name":"Matthew Trinkle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Trinkle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensor Signal Processing Group, University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensor Signal Processing Group, University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088797084","display_name":"Aleksandar Dimitrovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-621X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar D. Dimitrovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy and Transportation Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","Energy and Transportation Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy and Transportation Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy and Transportation Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101763888","display_name":"Husheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-8064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Husheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100960248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8853517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"300","last_page":"305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8908579349517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8033583164215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7341638207435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6886768341064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.48237815499305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.48110097646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.46486836671829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.4268784523010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4178650379180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.39598286151885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.25835084915161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16412556171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12762340903282166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8908579349517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8033583164215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7341638207435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6886768341064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.48237815499305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.48110097646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.46486836671829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.4268784523010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4178650379180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.39598286151885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25835084915161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16412556171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12762340903282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/78343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486000","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005028112","https://openalex.org/W2038514455","https://openalex.org/W2051903196","https://openalex.org/W2061108605","https://openalex.org/W2086135154","https://openalex.org/W2159177489","https://openalex.org/W2167619819","https://openalex.org/W2182984782","https://openalex.org/W2289901465","https://openalex.org/W2310580313","https://openalex.org/W2439424908","https://openalex.org/W2566510693","https://openalex.org/W4249116379","https://openalex.org/W6684599729","https://openalex.org/W6686477898","https://openalex.org/W6696456325","https://openalex.org/W6698515159","https://openalex.org/W6718803878","https://openalex.org/W6731781941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2598695776","https://openalex.org/W2950947668","https://openalex.org/W2563062499","https://openalex.org/W3158975647","https://openalex.org/W2911150221","https://openalex.org/W257508974","https://openalex.org/W3134269199","https://openalex.org/W1966475818","https://openalex.org/W2249797904","https://openalex.org/W2220234000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"operations":[1],"in":[2,29,35],"power":[3],"grids,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,83,85],"fault":[7,81],"detection":[8,102],"and":[9,41,145],"event":[10,88],"location":[11],"estimation,":[12],"depend":[13],"on":[14],"precise":[15,55],"timing":[16],"information.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"a":[21,96],"novel":[22],"time":[23,77],"stamp":[24],"attack":[25,62],"(TSA)":[26],"is":[27,58,74],"identified":[28],"smart":[30,36],"grid.":[31],"Since":[32],"many":[33],"applications":[34],"grid":[37],"utilize":[38],"synchronous":[39],"measurements":[40],"most":[42],"of":[43,72,108,116],"the":[44,63,68,106,113,117,129,138],"measurement":[45,64],"devices":[46],"are":[47],"equipped":[48],"with":[49],"global":[50],"positioning":[51],"system":[52,65],"(GPS)":[53],"for":[54],"timing,":[56],"it":[57],"highly":[59],"probable":[60],"to":[61,120,127],"by":[66,76],"spoofing":[67,101,132,148],"GPS.":[69],"The":[70],"effectiveness":[71],"TSA":[73],"demonstrated":[75],"synchronized":[78],"transmission":[79],"line":[80],"detection,":[82,110],"well":[84],"regional":[86],"disturbing":[87],"location.":[89],"To":[90],"defend":[91],"against":[92],"TSA,":[93],"we":[94,111],"proposed":[95,139],"multi-antenna":[97],"based":[98],"quickest":[99,109,130],"GPS":[100,131,147],"algorithm.":[103],"By":[104],"exploiting":[105],"theory":[107],"apply":[112],"probabilistic":[114],"metric":[115],"carrier":[118],"signal":[119],"noise":[121],"ratio":[122],"from":[123],"two":[124],"receive":[125],"antennas":[126],"conduct":[128],"detection.":[133],"Experiment":[134],"results":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"that":[137],"defense":[140],"scheme":[141],"can":[142],"effectively":[143],"detect":[144],"prevent":[146],"attack.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}