{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115348001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6485952","title":"Optimal charging of electric vehicles in smart grid: Characterization and valley-filling algorithms","display_name":"Optimal charging of electric vehicles in smart grid: Characterization and valley-filling algorithms","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115348001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6485952","mag":"2115348001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6485952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6485952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050993305","display_name":"Niangjun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2289-9737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niangjun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q.S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Connexis, Singapore","Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Connexis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079559561","display_name":"Chee Wei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Wei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050993305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94605702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6490068435668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.6337438821792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6066830158233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5905223488807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interior-point-method","display_name":"Interior point method","score":0.572880744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5701577067375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.48400017619132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4639655351638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.45744654536247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-algorithm","display_name":"Online algorithm","score":0.4472787380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-station","display_name":"Charging station","score":0.41630274057388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.40324071049690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16633856296539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1573367714881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14418059587478638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6490068435668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.6337438821792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6066830158233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5905223488807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155253501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461992","display_name":"Interior point method","level":2,"score":0.572880744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5701577067375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.48400017619132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4639655351638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.45744654536247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196921405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786431","display_name":"Online algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4472787380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.41630274057388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40324071049690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16633856296539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1573367714881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14418059587478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6485952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6485952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:40935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130826-144607036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.708.4271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.708.4271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.cms.caltech.edu/%7Encchen/papers/ev_charging_smartgridcomm.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.716.7736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.716.7736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/%7Echeewtan/ChenQuekTan_SGComm2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590002045","https://openalex.org/W1964577612","https://openalex.org/W2002506366","https://openalex.org/W2024974439","https://openalex.org/W2033689733","https://openalex.org/W2047869659","https://openalex.org/W2076887547","https://openalex.org/W2091260897","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2106728372","https://openalex.org/W2115348001","https://openalex.org/W2115594466","https://openalex.org/W2117685617","https://openalex.org/W2123568024","https://openalex.org/W2135797872","https://openalex.org/W2141380252","https://openalex.org/W2158040846","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2912522929","https://openalex.org/W2950003824","https://openalex.org/W3145585884","https://openalex.org/W6658938165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981497404","https://openalex.org/W2362149433","https://openalex.org/W4378211444","https://openalex.org/W3203839526","https://openalex.org/W2986711310","https://openalex.org/W2156399915","https://openalex.org/W4310614479","https://openalex.org/W2084958424","https://openalex.org/W4390190385","https://openalex.org/W4226096579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"vehicles":[1],"(EVs)":[2],"offer":[3],"an":[4,150],"attractive":[5],"long-term":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,45,123,140,148],"reduce":[9],"the":[10,47,71,80,93,125,134,176,184,190,194,206],"dependence":[11],"on":[12,112,183],"fossil":[13],"fuel":[14],"and":[15,50,65,86,128,189],"greenhouse":[16],"gas":[17],"emission.":[18],"However,":[19],"a":[20,35,41,59,119,142,169],"fleet":[21],"of":[22],"EVs":[23,76],"with":[24,74,154],"different":[25,211],"EV":[26,51,66,129,137],"battery":[27],"charging":[28,43,52,67,75,130,138],"rate":[29],"constraints,":[30],"that":[31,69,92,157,173,193],"is":[32,83,89,158],"distributed":[33],"across":[34],"smart":[36],"power":[37,48,62,103],"grid":[38,104],"network":[39],"requires":[40],"coordinated":[42],"schedule":[44,139],"minimize":[46],"generation":[49],"costs.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55,113],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,117,167],"study":[58,118],"joint":[60,126],"optimal":[61,135,151,208],"flow":[63],"(OPF)":[64],"problem":[68,73,82,95],"augments":[70],"OPF":[72,81,94,127],"over":[77],"time.":[78],"While":[79],"generally":[84],"nonconvex":[85],"nonsmooth,":[87],"it":[88],"shown":[90],"recently":[91],"can":[96],"be":[97,141],"solved":[98],"optimally":[99],"for":[100],"most":[101],"practical":[102],"networks":[105],"using":[106],"its":[107],"convex":[108],"dual":[109],"problem.":[110,131],"Building":[111],"strong":[114],"duality":[115],"result,":[116],"nested":[120],"optimization":[121],"approach":[122],"decompose":[124],"We":[132],"characterize":[133],"offline":[136,152,207],"valley-filling":[143,177],"profile,":[144],"which":[145],"allows":[146],"us":[147],"develop":[149],"algorithm":[153,172,196],"computational":[155],"complexity":[156],"significantly":[159],"lower":[160],"than":[161],"centralized":[162],"interior":[163],"point":[164],"solvers.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"propose":[168],"decentralized":[170],"online":[171,195],"dynamically":[174],"tracks":[175],"profile.":[178],"Our":[179],"algorithms":[180],"are":[181],"evaluated":[182],"IEEE":[185],"14":[186],"bus":[187],"system,":[188],"simulations":[191],"show":[192],"performs":[197],"almost":[198],"near":[199],"optimality":[200],"(<;":[201],"1%":[202],"relative":[203],"difference":[204],"from":[205],"solution)":[209],"under":[210],"settings.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}