{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021702157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102335","title":"Power line carrier (PLC) signal analysis of smart meters for outlier detection","display_name":"Power line carrier (PLC) signal analysis of smart meters for outlier detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021702157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102335","mag":"2021702157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102335","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032212671","display_name":"Rakesh Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002379534","display_name":"Srinivas Akella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivas Akella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079510664","display_name":"Gokhan Guley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gokhan Guley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Grid Technology, HiSoft Technology Intl., Charlotte, NC, USA","Smart Grid Technology, HiSoft Technology Intl., Charlotte, North Carolina 28210, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Grid Technology, HiSoft Technology Intl., Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Grid Technology, HiSoft Technology Intl., Charlotte, North Carolina 28210, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032212671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97628272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"291","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.8151879906654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-line-communication","display_name":"Power-line communication","score":0.6951038241386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6209069490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6068873405456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5316726565361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4651983678340912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.44702956080436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.43236973881721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.394179105758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36383914947509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3614233136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3140394687652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2980969548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1981382668018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18943440914154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.15015920996665955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.8151879906654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132885549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271870","display_name":"Power-line communication","level":3,"score":0.6951038241386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6209069490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6068873405456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5316726565361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4651983678340912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.44702956080436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.43236973881721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.394179105758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36383914947509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3614233136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3140394687652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2980969548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1981382668018341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18943440914154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.15015920996665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2011.6102335","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306318","display_name":"Duke Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/030r69d22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965076717","https://openalex.org/W2038819732","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2132038848","https://openalex.org/W2135157456","https://openalex.org/W2137210015","https://openalex.org/W2146125812","https://openalex.org/W2161419715","https://openalex.org/W2172449596","https://openalex.org/W2544923686","https://openalex.org/W2798056406","https://openalex.org/W6680205880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W3111802945","https://openalex.org/W2946096271","https://openalex.org/W2295423552","https://openalex.org/W3107369729","https://openalex.org/W2164018880","https://openalex.org/W2185012320","https://openalex.org/W2382789537","https://openalex.org/W2492992107","https://openalex.org/W2529428393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"method":[1,48],"for":[2],"identifying":[3,79],"outliers":[4,89],"among":[5],"a":[6,35,80],"set":[7,87,96],"of":[8,37,73,82,88,97],"smart":[9,62],"meters":[10],"by":[11],"using":[12,90],"the":[13,31,50,56,71,86,95],"power":[14,44],"line":[15],"carrier":[16],"(PLC)":[17],"signal":[18,33,52,74],"strength":[19,53],"is":[20,28],"presented":[21],"in":[22],"this":[23],"paper.":[24],"The":[25,46,64],"broad":[26],"goal":[27],"to":[29,40],"use":[30],"PLC":[32,51],"as":[34],"predictor":[36],"transmission":[38],"problems":[39],"proactively":[41],"avert":[42],"local":[43],"outages.":[45],"proposed":[47],"uses":[49],"measured":[54],"between":[55],"communication":[57],"node":[58],"(transformer)":[59],"and":[60],"residential":[61],"meters.":[63,100],"paper":[65],"presents":[66],"four":[67],"metrics":[68],"based":[69],"on":[70],"distribution":[72],"strengths,":[75],"with":[76],"each":[77],"metric":[78],"class":[81],"outliers.":[83],"After":[84],"detecting":[85],"these":[91],"metrics,":[92],"we":[93],"identify":[94],"representative":[98],"good":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}