{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413255022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11114957","title":"Ultra-Low Power and Low-Leakage Subthreshold CMOS Neural Circuit Design","display_name":"Ultra-Low Power and Low-Leakage Subthreshold CMOS Neural Circuit Design","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413255022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11114957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11114957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11114957","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods, and Applications to Circuits Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097552198","display_name":"Muhammed Efdal Elkatm\u0131\u015f","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4101805","display_name":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0547yzj13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Efdal Elkatm\u0131\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yildiz Technical University,Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yildiz Technical University,Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036987688","display_name":"Okan Zafer Batur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-1794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118036225","display_name":"Istanbul Bilgi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pm4x478","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118036225"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okan Zafer Batur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Bilgi University,Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Bilgi University,Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118036225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023131776","display_name":"Burcu Erkmen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4101805","display_name":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0547yzj13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burcu Erkmen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yildiz Technical University,Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yildiz Technical University,Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5097552198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24376064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.8968427181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power","display_name":"Ultra low power","score":0.8196389675140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7348495125770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-electronics","display_name":"Low-power electronics","score":0.6543248295783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.628084659576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.49427032470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage-power","display_name":"Leakage power","score":0.45224109292030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4390834867954254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4109545648097992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4028327465057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.355105459690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3468540906906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.2753458619117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21166464686393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.19401010870933533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16582342982292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15854397416114807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.8968427181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.8196389675140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7348495125770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.6543248295783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.628084659576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.49427032470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987719587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811428","display_name":"Leakage power","level":4,"score":0.45224109292030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4390834867954254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4109545648097992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4028327465057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.355105459690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3468540906906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.2753458619117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21166464686393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.19401010870933533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16582342982292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15854397416114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11114957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd65553.2025.11114957","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 21st International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods, and Applications to Circuits Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W2032832574","https://openalex.org/W2046450149","https://openalex.org/W2109596721","https://openalex.org/W2121917196","https://openalex.org/W2157239334","https://openalex.org/W2167697781","https://openalex.org/W2581868955","https://openalex.org/W2596998695","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2964010909","https://openalex.org/W3037965865","https://openalex.org/W3098807470","https://openalex.org/W3200353077","https://openalex.org/W4403674465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134331095","https://openalex.org/W2924345281","https://openalex.org/W2122696791","https://openalex.org/W1979372708","https://openalex.org/W2014293693","https://openalex.org/W2121646995","https://openalex.org/W48866294","https://openalex.org/W2020064877","https://openalex.org/W2924483274","https://openalex.org/W4413255022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,97],"present":[4],"a":[5,21,29,90],"neural":[6],"circuit":[7,63],"structure":[8],"that":[9],"includes":[10],"synapse":[11,62],"and":[12],"neuron":[13,48],"circuits":[14,25],"designed":[15],"to":[16,39],"mimic":[17],"the":[18,36,61,70,81],"behavior":[19],"of":[20,54,72,74],"biological":[22],"brain.":[23],"The":[24,44],"are":[26],"implemented":[27],"with":[28],"0.6":[30],"V":[31],"supply":[32],"voltage,":[33],"operating":[34],"in":[35,80,93],"subthreshold":[37],"region":[38],"achieve":[40],"high":[41],"energy":[42,52],"efficiency.":[43],"Leaky":[45],"Integrate-and-Fire":[46],"(LIF)":[47],"design":[49],"achieves":[50,64],"an":[51],"consumption":[53],"only":[55],"375":[56],"fJ":[57],"per":[58],"spike,":[59],"while":[60],"biologically":[65],"realistic":[66],"time":[67],"constants":[68],"(on":[69],"order":[71],"tens":[73],"milliseconds)":[75],"by":[76],"utilizing":[77],"small":[78],"capacitors":[79],"femtofarad":[82],"range":[83],"(200":[84],"fF).":[85],"To":[86],"mitigate":[87],"leakage":[88],"current,":[89],"key":[91],"challenge":[92],"sub-micron":[94],"CMOS":[95],"technologies,":[96],"employ":[98],"130-nm":[99],"UMC":[100],"low-leakage":[101],"transistors.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
