{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385411974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192229","title":"PROTON \u2013 A Python Framework for Physics-Based Electromigration Assessment on Contemporary VLSI Power Grids","display_name":"PROTON \u2013 A Python Framework for Physics-Based Electromigration Assessment on Contemporary VLSI Power Grids","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385411974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192229","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088212178","display_name":"Olympia Axelou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-5882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olympia Axelou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092779816","display_name":"Eleni Tselepi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleni Tselepi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066445455","display_name":"George Floros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Floros","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008228117","display_name":"Nestor Evmorfopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-0222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nestor Evmorfopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018018630","display_name":"George Stamoulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3562-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Stamoulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088212178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49998418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6693719625473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromigration","display_name":"Electromigration","score":0.6422600746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5917172431945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5264506936073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5082880854606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.4993174076080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.46543020009994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.43725645542144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.41827476024627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4081122875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35446035861968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3222711980342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26651760935783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22081267833709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19512829184532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18147051334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.17045104503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.11985853314399719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6693719625473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138055206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319010","display_name":"Electromigration","level":2,"score":0.6422600746154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5917172431945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5264506936073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5082880854606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.4993174076080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.46543020009994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.43725645542144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.41827476024627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4081122875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35446035861968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3222711980342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26651760935783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22081267833709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19512829184532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18147051334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.17045104503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.11985853314399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192229","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327859","display_name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007719944","https://openalex.org/W2081786181","https://openalex.org/W2083090974","https://openalex.org/W2102182691","https://openalex.org/W2536650897","https://openalex.org/W2792466411","https://openalex.org/W3011683599","https://openalex.org/W3030874150","https://openalex.org/W4285026481","https://openalex.org/W4312121084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004615523","https://openalex.org/W2055638565","https://openalex.org/W2138118262","https://openalex.org/W2542708587","https://openalex.org/W4229007131","https://openalex.org/W2364197307","https://openalex.org/W4381800218","https://openalex.org/W2034853009","https://openalex.org/W2381557379","https://openalex.org/W2046020806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromigration":[0],"(EM)":[1],"is":[2,42],"a":[3,14,36,66,85,142],"significant":[4],"reliability":[5,20],"concern":[6],"in":[7,119,129,149],"modern":[8],"circuit":[9],"design":[10,63],"practices":[11],"that":[12,56,90],"poses":[13],"considerable":[15],"risk":[16],"to":[17,46],"the":[18,29,33,92,132],"long-term":[19],"of":[21,35,69,75,88,94,104,144],"contemporary":[22],"integrated":[23,60],"circuits":[24],"and":[25,117],"attracts":[26],"attention":[27],"from":[28],"EDA":[30],"industry.":[31],"Hence,":[32],"development":[34],"robust,":[37],"industrial-level":[38],"EM":[39,70,95,111],"analysis":[40,71,97,113],"tool":[41,55,134],"crucial.":[43],"In":[44],"order":[45],"address":[47],"this":[48],"challenge,":[49],"we":[50],"present":[51],"PROTON,":[52],"an":[53,79],"open-source":[54],"can":[57],"be":[58],"straightforwardly":[59],"into":[61],"industrial":[62,133],"flows":[64],"covering":[65],"wide":[67],"spectrum":[68],"needs.":[72],"On":[73],"top":[74],"this,":[76],"it":[77],"offers":[78],"intuitive":[80],"graphical":[81],"user":[82],"interface":[83],"with":[84,131,146],"high":[86],"level":[87],"automation":[89],"allows":[91],"visualization":[93],"stress":[96,112],"on":[98,136],"power":[99,122],"grid":[100,123],"designs.":[101,124],"The":[102],"core":[103],"PROTON":[105,140],"incorporates":[106],"state-of-the-art":[107],"methodologies":[108],"for":[109],"physics-based":[110],"which":[114],"provide":[115],"robustness":[116],"scalability":[118],"handling":[120],"large-scale":[121],"These":[125],"are":[126],"experimentally":[127],"verified":[128],"comparison":[130],"COMSOL":[135],"multiple":[137],"benchmarks":[138],"where":[139],"demonstrated":[141],"speedup":[143],"\u00d7685":[145],"negligible":[147],"loss":[148],"accuracy.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
