{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385412016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192185","title":"Electromigration Stress Analysis with Rational Krylov-based Approximation of Matrix Exponential","display_name":"Electromigration Stress Analysis with Rational Krylov-based Approximation of Matrix Exponential","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385412016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192185","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011832290","display_name":"Pavlos Stoikos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pavlos Stoikos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066445455","display_name":"George Floros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Floros","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041568803","display_name":"Dimitrios Garyfallou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-2366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Garyfallou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008228117","display_name":"Nestor Evmorfopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-0222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nestor Evmorfopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058208743","display_name":"George D. Stamoulis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Stamoulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Thessaly,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Volos,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011832290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27417365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/krylov-subspace","display_name":"Krylov subspace","score":0.883041262626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromigration","display_name":"Electromigration","score":0.7970716953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.6735128164291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-exponential","display_name":"Matrix exponential","score":0.6642517447471619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5801406502723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5254045128822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.5140241384506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.4941430389881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4837675094604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4786456823348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3930937647819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2835173010826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.15707215666770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15674564242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10855245590209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08174455165863037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147060835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757151","display_name":"Krylov subspace","level":3,"score":0.883041262626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138055206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319010","display_name":"Electromigration","level":2,"score":0.7970716953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.6735128164291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195906000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191722","display_name":"Matrix exponential","level":3,"score":0.6642517447471619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5801406502723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5254045128822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5140241384506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.4941430389881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4837675094604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4786456823348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3930937647819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2835173010826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.15707215666770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15674564242362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10855245590209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08174455165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/smacd58065.2023.10192185","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327859","display_name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007719944","https://openalex.org/W2053008534","https://openalex.org/W2081786181","https://openalex.org/W2086590360","https://openalex.org/W2128102037","https://openalex.org/W2154031458","https://openalex.org/W2536650897","https://openalex.org/W2792466411","https://openalex.org/W3034235312","https://openalex.org/W3145363696","https://openalex.org/W4285026481","https://openalex.org/W4309589882","https://openalex.org/W6793537758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136403807","https://openalex.org/W796810817","https://openalex.org/W2057602562","https://openalex.org/W4394640840","https://openalex.org/W2529950123","https://openalex.org/W2728265540","https://openalex.org/W3092940210","https://openalex.org/W2963641400","https://openalex.org/W2968573015","https://openalex.org/W2117799929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"aggressive":[1],"technology":[2],"scaling,":[3],"Electromigration":[4],"(EM)":[5],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,43],"major":[9],"concern":[10],"for":[11,21,46],"the":[12,55,71,78,83,92,105],"semiconductor":[13],"industry.":[14],"Although":[15],"analytical":[16],"methods":[17],"are":[18],"typically":[19],"used":[20],"accurate":[22],"EM":[23,48,87],"analysis":[24,49],"of":[25,50,58,85,115],"interconnects,":[26],"they":[27],"cannot":[28],"be":[29],"applied":[30],"to":[31,75,112],"general":[32],"structures":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"multi-segment":[36],"trees.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"present":[42],"semi-analytical":[44],"approach":[45],"transient":[47],"interconnect":[51],"trees,":[52],"which":[53],"enables":[54],"efficient":[56],"calculation":[57],"EM-induced":[59],"stress":[60],"at":[61],"any":[62],"time":[63],"and":[64,81],"point":[65],"independently.":[66],"The":[67],"proposed":[68],"method":[69,98],"exploits":[70],"rational":[72],"Krylov":[73],"subspace":[74],"accurately":[76],"approximate":[77],"matrix":[79],"exponential":[80],"accelerate":[82],"simulation":[84],"large":[86],"models.":[88],"Experimental":[89],"evaluation":[90],"on":[91],"OpenROAD":[93],"benchmarks":[94],"demonstrates":[95],"that":[96],"our":[97],"achieves":[99],"0.5%":[100],"average":[101],"relative":[102],"error":[103],"over":[104],"COMSOL":[106],"industrial":[107],"tool":[108],"while":[109],"being":[110],"up":[111],"three":[113],"orders":[114],"magnitude":[116],"faster.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}