{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914018192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639684","title":"Improving LF-MMI Using Unconstrained Supervisions for ASR","display_name":"Improving LF-MMI Using Unconstrained Supervisions for ASR","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914018192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639684","mag":"2914018192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2018.8639684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041855151","display_name":"Hossein Hadian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-6026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Hadian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084286453","display_name":"Daniel Povey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Povey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024773257","display_name":"Hossein Sameti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-8889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Sameti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017882589","display_name":"Jan Trmal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Trmal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014580424","display_name":"Sanjeev Khudanpur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-0897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev Khudanpur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7697609066963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7326143980026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5077944397926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.498013973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47589218616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.42619097232818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4245627522468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40475258231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39961761236190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3306843638420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3147204518318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1467171013355255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7697609066963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7326143980026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5077944397926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.498013973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47589218616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.42619097232818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4245627522468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40475258231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39961761236190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3306843638420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3147204518318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1467171013355255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/slt.2018.8639684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/slt.2018.8639684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1569447338","https://openalex.org/W1877570817","https://openalex.org/W1986184096","https://openalex.org/W2003123121","https://openalex.org/W2019973879","https://openalex.org/W2024490156","https://openalex.org/W2098318492","https://openalex.org/W2131702393","https://openalex.org/W2147768505","https://openalex.org/W2166637769","https://openalex.org/W2251321385","https://openalex.org/W2291513470","https://openalex.org/W2514741789","https://openalex.org/W2808939837","https://openalex.org/W2888867175","https://openalex.org/W2889282842","https://openalex.org/W6633847657","https://openalex.org/W6691770337","https://openalex.org/W6726109732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2521627374","https://openalex.org/W1997182898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"our":[2],"work":[3],"on":[4,78],"improving":[5],"the":[6,13,35,54,73],"numerator":[7,28,37],"graph":[8],"for":[9,25],"discriminative":[10],"training":[11,50],"using":[12,58],"lattice-free":[14],"maximum":[15],"mutual":[16],"information":[17],"(MMI)":[18],"criterion.":[19],"Specifically,":[20],"we":[21,65],"propose":[22],"a":[23],"scheme":[24],"creating":[26],"unconstrained":[27],"graphs":[29,44],"by":[30],"removing":[31],"time":[32],"constraints":[33],"from":[34],"baseline":[36],"graphs.":[38],"This":[39],"leads":[40],"to":[41,68],"much":[42],"smaller":[43],"and":[45],"therefore":[46],"faster":[47],"preparation":[48],"of":[49],"supervisions.":[51],"By":[52],"testing":[53],"proposed":[55],"un-constrained":[56],"supervisions":[57],"factorized":[59],"time-delay":[60],"neural":[61],"network":[62],"(TDNN)":[63],"models,":[64],"observe":[66],"0.5%":[67],"2.6%":[69],"relative":[70],"improvement":[71],"over":[72],"state-of-the-art":[74],"word":[75],"error":[76],"rates":[77],"various":[79],"large-vocabulary":[80],"speech":[81],"recognition":[82],"databases.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}